Korean Wiki Project - User contributions [en]

았/었 + 다

2009-05-25T10:53:04Z

Jjukumi: Added some info about conjugation rules; it's quite complicated, so I haven't gotten to the contraction rules or examples yet.

'''Adjective/Verb + 았 / 었 + 어요''' : This pattern is used for past tense.
Note that the ending 어요 can be substituted with a different sentence ending or clause ending, such as 어, 습니다, 죠?, 으니까, etc. But there must be some ending; a word may not end with 았/었.

==Conjugation Rule==
*If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a [[yang vowel]] (아, 야, 오, 요, 애, 얘, 와, 외, or 왜: 았어요.
*If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a [[yin vowel]] (어, 여, 우, 유, 에, 예, 워, 위, or 웨: 었어요.
*If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a [[neutral vowel]] (으, 이, or 의): use the preceding vowel; if it is yang, then 았어요; if it is yin, then 었어요; if there are no non-neutral vowels, use 었어요.
*One exception: the verb 하다 (or any verb ending in 하다) becomes 했다 or 하였다 (했다 is the contracted form and much more common).

==Conjugation Examples==
*막다 → 막았다
*먹다 → 먹었다
*가다 → 갔다
*오다 → 왔다
*주다 → 줬다

==Sentence Examples==
*Example

==Usage Exceptions==
*Example

==Pronunciation==
*Special pronunciation rule?

==See Also==
*Related topic or grammar

[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]
[[Category:Past Tense|ㅇ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅇ]]

Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T10:37:11Z

Jjukumi: /* Errors */

<swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400</swf>
 __TOC__
==Good test cases==
하다, 가다, 되다, 나누다, 오다, 열다, 어렵다, 이다, 그렇다, 놓다, 듣다, 낫다, 모르다
==Errors==
''If you find errors, please edit this page and add them to the following list''
*Irregular verbs (not detected)
**Hard to list all irregular verbs in the program obviously, but all verbs(actually adjectives) ending in 스럽다, 롭다, or 답다 should take the irregular forms (e.g. 사랑스럽다: 사랑스러워요, not 사랑스럽어요)
*Verb forms (like if verbs should be conjugated or not)
**None
*Conjugation
**for 먹다, 먹면서 should be 먹으면서
**for 먹다, 먹려고 하다 should be 먹으려고 하다
**for 놓다, 노아 should be 놓다 (though it is pronounced 노아)
*Pronunciation (any wrong or non-existing rules)
**Conformation on: ㄹ+ㅅ = ㄹ+ㅆ?
**ㄱ/ㄺ+ㄱ=ㄱ+ㄲ? -that sounds right
**I think there's other rules on two consonants by each other where the next consonant becomes 쌍
***In general, when the 받침 is pronounced as ㄷ,ㄱ,or ㅂ (i.e. when the 받침 is ㄷ,ㅌ,ㅈ,ㅊ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ,ㅂ,or ㅍ) and the following consonant is ㄷ,ㄱ,ㅂ,ㅅ, or ㅈ, the following consonant becomes 쌍. The second consonant also becomes 쌍 in some other cases, but those are always irregular, and you need to look in a 국어사전 to find them out, e.g. 발전하다 is pronounced 발쩐하다.
*Other
**If Korean IME is on while the keyboard is open, it doesn't work

==Programmable Settings==
Available FlashVars:
*mode
**mode=essay (opens essay mode)
*input
**input=keyboard (opens keyboard)
**input=cellphone(opens cellphone)

Example: To start in essay mode with the keyboard on, simply use the following:
<nowiki><swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400|input=keyboard|mode=essay</swf></nowiki>
==Version History==
*0.1 (April 5, 2009)
**Initial
*0.2 (April 11, 2009)
**Rewrote to be modular
**Added more forms
*0.3 (April 13, 2009)
**Initial support for irregular verbs
**Initial support for pronunciation changes
**Styled
**Added support for individual words and full sentences
**Changed name to reflect that it supports anything typed in Hangeul
*0.4 (April 24, 2009)
**Link to our learn Hangeul, grammar, and vocabulary pages
**Nicer about screen
**New option
***Contract (checked by default) (보아 vs 봐 etc)
**Virtual keyboard & cellphone interface (visual only)
*0.5 (April 26, 2009)
**Fully functional keyboard
**Fixed pronunciation errors
*0.6 (May 24, 2009)
**Fixed some cases where input doesn't split double-consonants
**Quick key to bring up keyboard (F2)
**Supports copy-to-clipboard
**Link to search for text in the Korean Wiki Project search engine
***Searches for only selected text if highlighted or all text otherwise
**New essay mode for easily typing longer things
**FlashVars supported for changing mode (essay/short) and input (keyboard/cellphone) on startup
*1.0 (tba)
**Added help screen that opens up first time Hangeul Assistant is run
**Todo
***Cellphone input (sky and general)

Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T08:39:05Z

Jjukumi: /* Errors */

<swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400</swf>
 __TOC__
==Good test cases==
하다, 가다, 되다, 나누다, 오다, 열다, 어렵다, 이다, 그렇다, 놓다, 듣다, 낫다, 모르다
==Errors==
''If you find errors, please edit this page and add them to the following list''
*Irregular verbs (not detected)
**Hard to list all irregular verbs in the program obviously, but all verbs(actually adjectives) ending in 스럽다, 롭다, or 답다 should take the irregular forms (e.g. 사랑스럽다: 사랑스러워요, not 사랑스럽어요)
*Verb forms (like if verbs should be conjugated or not)
**None
*Conjugation
**for 먹다, 먹면서 should be 먹으면서
**for 놓다, 노아 should be 놓다 (though it is pronounced 노아)
*Pronunciation (any wrong or non-existing rules)
**Conformation on: ㄹ+ㅅ = ㄹ+ㅆ?
**ㄱ/ㄺ+ㄱ=ㄱ+ㄲ? -that sounds right
**I think there's other rules on two consonants by each other where the next consonant becomes 쌍
***In general, when the 받침 is pronounced as ㄷ,ㄱ,or ㅂ (i.e. when the 받침 is ㄷ,ㅌ,ㅈ,ㅊ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ,ㅂ,or ㅍ) and the following consonant is ㄷ,ㄱ,ㅂ,ㅅ, or ㅈ, the following consonant becomes 쌍. The second consonant also becomes 쌍 in some other cases, but those are always irregular, and you need to look in a 국어사전 to find them out, e.g. 발전하다 is pronounced 발쩐하다.
*Other
**If Korean IME is on while the keyboard is open, it doesn't work

==Programmable Settings==
Available FlashVars:
*mode
**mode=essay (opens essay mode)
*input
**input=keyboard (opens keyboard)
**input=cellphone(opens cellphone)

Example: To start in essay mode with the keyboard on, simply use the following:
<nowiki><swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400|input=keyboard|mode=essay</swf></nowiki>
==Version History==
*0.1 (April 5, 2009)
**Initial
*0.2 (April 11, 2009)
**Rewrote to be modular
**Added more forms
*0.3 (April 13, 2009)
**Initial support for irregular verbs
**Initial support for pronunciation changes
**Styled
**Added support for individual words and full sentences
**Changed name to reflect that it supports anything typed in Hangeul
*0.4 (April 24, 2009)
**Link to our learn Hangeul, grammar, and vocabulary pages
**Nicer about screen
**New option
***Contract (checked by default) (보아 vs 봐 etc)
**Virtual keyboard & cellphone interface (visual only)
*0.5 (April 26, 2009)
**Fully functional keyboard
**Fixed pronunciation errors
*0.6 (May 24, 2009)
**Fixed some cases where input doesn't split double-consonants
**Quick key to bring up keyboard (F2)
**Supports copy-to-clipboard
**Link to search for text in the Korean Wiki Project search engine
***Searches for only selected text if highlighted or all text otherwise
**New essay mode for easily typing longer things
**FlashVars supported for changing mode (essay/short) and input (keyboard/cellphone) on startup
*1.0 (tba)
**Added help screen that opens up first time Hangeul Assistant is run
**Todo
***Cellphone input (sky and general)

Talk:Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T08:32:25Z

Jjukumi:

First, great job! Didn't know it would be ready to roll out already on this wiki. I think in the future using the repeated speech form would be good too, i.e. "뭐라고?" "갈 거라고?" "공부했다고" etc

The problem is the cases are hard to detect because you have to know whether it's a verb or adjective and sometimes its both. For example 싸다 is a verb and adjective depending on the meaning. This form is also somewhat related to written form like 싸다 and 싼다.
--[[User:Bluesoju|Bluesoju]] 07:06, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

I'm impressed; you managed to cover at least a decent number of irregular forms, though it would obviously be pretty difficult to be comprehensive about that. I made a note about words with the adjective forming suffixes -스럽다, -답다 and -롭다 always being irregular, so that could help.
It would be nice if the past and present participles (for verbs - just the present participle for adjectives) were there - sometimes they're the hardest ones. [[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 08:32, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T08:28:28Z

Jjukumi: /* Errors */

<swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400</swf>
 __TOC__
==Good test cases==
하다, 가다, 되다, 나누다, 오다, 열다, 어렵다, 이다, 그렇다, 놓다, 듣다, 낫다, 모르다
==Errors==
''If you find errors, please edit this page and add them to the following list''
*Irregular verbs (not detected)
**Hard to list all irregular verbs in the program obviously, but all verbs(actually adjectives) ending in 스럽다, 롭다, or 답다 should take the irregular forms (e.g. 사랑스럽다: 사랑스러워요, not 사랑스럽어요)
*Verb forms (like if verbs should be conjugated or not)
**None
*Conjugation
**for 먹다, 먹면서 should be 먹으면서
**for 놓다, 노아 should be 놓다 (though it is pronounced 노아)
*Pronunciation (any wrong or non-existing rules)
**Conformation on: ㄹ+ㅅ = ㄹ+ㅆ?
**ㄱ/ㄺ+ㄱ=ㄱ+ㄲ? -that sounds right
**I think there's other rules on two consonants by each other where the next consonant becomes 쌍
*Other
**If Korean IME is on while the keyboard is open, it doesn't work

==Programmable Settings==
Available FlashVars:
*mode
**mode=essay (opens essay mode)
*input
**input=keyboard (opens keyboard)
**input=cellphone(opens cellphone)

Example: To start in essay mode with the keyboard on, simply use the following:
<nowiki><swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400|input=keyboard|mode=essay</swf></nowiki>
==Version History==
*0.1 (April 5, 2009)
**Initial
*0.2 (April 11, 2009)
**Rewrote to be modular
**Added more forms
*0.3 (April 13, 2009)
**Initial support for irregular verbs
**Initial support for pronunciation changes
**Styled
**Added support for individual words and full sentences
**Changed name to reflect that it supports anything typed in Hangeul
*0.4 (April 24, 2009)
**Link to our learn Hangeul, grammar, and vocabulary pages
**Nicer about screen
**New option
***Contract (checked by default) (보아 vs 봐 etc)
**Virtual keyboard & cellphone interface (visual only)
*0.5 (April 26, 2009)
**Fully functional keyboard
**Fixed pronunciation errors
*0.6 (May 24, 2009)
**Fixed some cases where input doesn't split double-consonants
**Quick key to bring up keyboard (F2)
**Supports copy-to-clipboard
**Link to search for text in the Korean Wiki Project search engine
***Searches for only selected text if highlighted or all text otherwise
**New essay mode for easily typing longer things
**FlashVars supported for changing mode (essay/short) and input (keyboard/cellphone) on startup
*1.0 (tba)
**Added help screen that opens up first time Hangeul Assistant is run
**Todo
***Cellphone input (sky and general)

Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T08:23:55Z

Jjukumi: /* Errors */

<swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400</swf>
 __TOC__
==Good test cases==
하다, 가다, 되다, 나누다, 오다, 열다, 어렵다, 이다, 그렇다, 놓다, 듣다, 낫다, 모르다
==Errors==
''If you find errors, please edit this page and add them to the following list''
*Irregular verbs (not detected)
**None
*Verb forms (like if verbs should be conjugated or not)
**None
*Conjugation
**for 먹다, 먹면서 should be 먹으면서
**for 놓다, 노아 should be 놓다 (though it is pronounced 노아)
*Pronunciation (any wrong or non-existing rules)
**Conformation on: ㄹ+ㅅ = ㄹ+ㅆ?
**ㄱ/ㄺ+ㄱ=ㄱ+ㄲ?
**I think there's other rules on two consonants by each other where the next consonant becomes 쌍
*Other
**If Korean IME is on while the keyboard is open, it doesn't work

==Programmable Settings==
Available FlashVars:
*mode
**mode=essay (opens essay mode)
*input
**input=keyboard (opens keyboard)
**input=cellphone(opens cellphone)

Example: To start in essay mode with the keyboard on, simply use the following:
<nowiki><swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400|input=keyboard|mode=essay</swf></nowiki>
==Version History==
*0.1 (April 5, 2009)
**Initial
*0.2 (April 11, 2009)
**Rewrote to be modular
**Added more forms
*0.3 (April 13, 2009)
**Initial support for irregular verbs
**Initial support for pronunciation changes
**Styled
**Added support for individual words and full sentences
**Changed name to reflect that it supports anything typed in Hangeul
*0.4 (April 24, 2009)
**Link to our learn Hangeul, grammar, and vocabulary pages
**Nicer about screen
**New option
***Contract (checked by default) (보아 vs 봐 etc)
**Virtual keyboard & cellphone interface (visual only)
*0.5 (April 26, 2009)
**Fully functional keyboard
**Fixed pronunciation errors
*0.6 (May 24, 2009)
**Fixed some cases where input doesn't split double-consonants
**Quick key to bring up keyboard (F2)
**Supports copy-to-clipboard
**Link to search for text in the Korean Wiki Project search engine
***Searches for only selected text if highlighted or all text otherwise
**New essay mode for easily typing longer things
**FlashVars supported for changing mode (essay/short) and input (keyboard/cellphone) on startup
*1.0 (tba)
**Added help screen that opens up first time Hangeul Assistant is run
**Todo
***Cellphone input (sky and general)

Hangeul Assistant

2009-05-25T08:11:36Z

Jjukumi: /* Errors */

<swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400</swf>
 __TOC__
==Good test cases==
하다, 가다, 되다, 나누다, 오다, 열다, 어렵다, 이다, 그렇다, 놓다, 듣다, 낫다, 모르다
==Errors==
''If you find errors, please edit this page and add them to the following list''
*Irregular verbs (not detected)
**None
*Verb forms (like if verbs should be conjugated or not)
**None
*Conjugation
**먹면서 should be 먹으면서
*Pronunciation (any wrong or non-existing rules)
**Conformation on: ㄹ+ㅅ = ㄹ+ㅆ?
**ㄱ/ㄺ+ㄱ=ㄱ+ㄲ?
**I think there's other rules on two consonants by each other where the next consonant becomes 쌍
*Other
**If Korean IME is on while the keyboard is open, it doesn't work

==Programmable Settings==
Available FlashVars:
*mode
**mode=essay (opens essay mode)
*input
**input=keyboard (opens keyboard)
**input=cellphone(opens cellphone)

Example: To start in essay mode with the keyboard on, simply use the following:
<nowiki><swf>/wiki/images/c/cb/HangeulAssistant.swf|width=100%|height=400|input=keyboard|mode=essay</swf></nowiki>
==Version History==
*0.1 (April 5, 2009)
**Initial
*0.2 (April 11, 2009)
**Rewrote to be modular
**Added more forms
*0.3 (April 13, 2009)
**Initial support for irregular verbs
**Initial support for pronunciation changes
**Styled
**Added support for individual words and full sentences
**Changed name to reflect that it supports anything typed in Hangeul
*0.4 (April 24, 2009)
**Link to our learn Hangeul, grammar, and vocabulary pages
**Nicer about screen
**New option
***Contract (checked by default) (보아 vs 봐 etc)
**Virtual keyboard & cellphone interface (visual only)
*0.5 (April 26, 2009)
**Fully functional keyboard
**Fixed pronunciation errors
*0.6 (May 24, 2009)
**Fixed some cases where input doesn't split double-consonants
**Quick key to bring up keyboard (F2)
**Supports copy-to-clipboard
**Link to search for text in the Korean Wiki Project search engine
***Searches for only selected text if highlighted or all text otherwise
**New essay mode for easily typing longer things
**FlashVars supported for changing mode (essay/short) and input (keyboard/cellphone) on startup
*1.0 (tba)
**Added help screen that opens up first time Hangeul Assistant is run
**Todo
***Cellphone input (sky and general)

받침

2009-05-21T08:48:40Z

Jjukumi: /* Double 받침 */

The 받침 is the final consonant(or consonant cluster) at the end of a Korean syllable. The 받침 is written in the bottom/final position. Conjugation rules will often depend on if there is a 받침 or not. The consonant in the 받침 position is said to be in the "final position."

The jamo (units that make up the Hangul alphabet) sound may also differ from it's original sound if not followed by a vowel.

<div style="text-align: center;">A sentence example where the 받침 is in red:</div>
[[Image:Badchim_sentence.jpg|center|700px|]]

==Pronunciation: Consonant Followed By a Vowel==
if a consonant in the final position followed by a vowel, the sound shifts over. The only sounds that doesn't shift over to the next syllable is ㅇ since it is weird to begin a weird with a "ng" sound and ㅎ becomes silent when followed by a vowel. Also when ㅌ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 치. See [[ㅌ + 이]]. Likewise when ㄷ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 지. See [[ㄷ + 이]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 맞아 || 마자
|-
| 먹어 || 머거
|-
| 집에 || 지베
|-
| 좋아 || 조아
|-
| 놀아 || 노라
|-
| 필요하다 || 피료
|-
| 한국어 || 한구거
|-
| 같이 || 가치
|-
| 굳이 || 구지
|-
| 졸업 || 조럽
|-
| 십일 || 시빌
|}

==Pronunciation: Consonant Not Followed By a Vowel==
If a consonant in the final position and it is not followed by a vowel, meaning it is the last syllable of the word or followed by another consonant, then it may have a different pronunciation. Notice from the table below that many characters share the same sound when in the 받침 position.



{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Consonants in 받침 Position When Not Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Letter(s) !! Pronunciation !! Comment !! Examples !! Audio
|-
|ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ || /k/ || The /k/ sound is cut short. ||먹다 부엌 깎다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅂ,ㅍ || /p/ || The /p/ sound is cut short. ||밥 수업 춥다 높다 가고싶다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄹ || /l/ sound || If ㄹ is followed by a vowel it is a /r/ sound ||말 살 칼 잘 팔다 멀다 알다
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅇ || /ŋ/ sound || Normally ㅇ acts as a placeholder for a consonant and makes no sound, only in the final position does it make a sound.
|강 성 왕 콩 선생
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄷ, ㄸ,ㅈ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅌ,ㅊ|| /t/ sound || ||옷 곧 찾다 있다 같다 꽃
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}

Note: ㅃ and ㅉ can't appear in the final position.

==Consonant Assimilation==
When certain consonant sounds meet each other, there are consonant assimilation rules that modify the standard pronunciation. For a complete set of rules, see the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation]] section.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Examples of Consonant Assimilation Rules
|-
! Word || Actual Pronunciation || Consonant Assimilation Rule
|-
| 원래 (Originally) || 월래 || [[ㄴ + ㄹ]] → ㄹ, ㄹ
|-
| 작년 (Last year) || 장년 || [[ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ + ㄴ, ㅁ|ㄱ + ㄴ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 대학로 (An area in Seoul) || 대항노 || [[ㄱ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 종로 (Jogno, an area in Seoul) || 종노 || [[ㅇ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 열한 (Eleven) || 여란 || [[ㄹ + ㅎ]] → ㄹ
|-
| 행복하다 (To be happy) || 행복카다 || [[ㄱ + ㅎ]] → ㅋ
|-
| 입학 (School admission) || 이팍 || [[ㅂ + ㅎ]] → ㅍ
|-
| 그헣지 (That's right) || 그러치 || [[ㅎ + ㅈ]] → ㅊ
|-
| need ㄷ example || 그러치 || [[ㄷ + ㅎ]] → ㅌ
|}

==Double 받침==
It is possible to have two '''different''' consonants in the final syllable position (a consonant cluster). If the next syllable starts with a vowel, the sound in the second 받침 position will shift to the next syllable unless it is an ㅎ, in which case the sound is simply ignored. If the next syllable starts with a consonant, only one of the two 받침 consonants will be pronounced, but the second may assimilate with the following consonant.

[[Image:Badchim_example1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Example]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Double 받침 When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 얽어 || 일거
|-
| 없어 || 업서
|-
| 앉아 || 안자
|-
| 짧아 || 짤바
|-
| 싫어 || 실어 → 시러
|-
| 괜찮아 || 괜찬아 → 괜차나
|}

However if it is followed by a consonant in the next syllable over, there is no specific rule as to which sound to pronounce; you must memorize the words individually. The second consonant in the 받침 can also affect the next syllable if one of the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation rules]] applies. See the picture example.

Also add: 잃다,닳다, 귀찮아, 끊다, 끓다 젊다, 읽히다
개미핥기,수박 겉 핥기

*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the first consonant gets pronounced
*많다
*않다
*돐
*넋
*앉다
*짧다
*없다
*핥다
*싫다
*괜찮다
*여덟
ㄵ,ㄶ, ㄳ, ㄼ, ㅀ,

pattern with the specific 받침?
ㄺ,ㄻ, ㄺ,ㄿ,
*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the second consonant gets pronounced
*삶
*닭
*굵다
*옮다
*굶다
*
*
*
*

Please note the tensed consonants(ㅃ, ㅉ, ㄸ, ㄲ, ㅆ,) can appear in the 받침 position, but this doesn't make it a double 받침 since it is still one character and not two separate characters.

==Exceptions==
Words like 닭(chicken) when followed by the subject marker 이 and the object marker 을 would normally have the pronunciation "달기" and "달글" respectively if they followed the normal rules. However they get pronounced as "다기" and "다글" instead.

받침

2009-05-21T08:42:26Z

Jjukumi: /* Pronunciation: Consonant Followed By a Vowel */

The 받침 is the final consonant(or consonant cluster) at the end of a Korean syllable. The 받침 is written in the bottom/final position. Conjugation rules will often depend on if there is a 받침 or not. The consonant in the 받침 position is said to be in the "final position."

The jamo (units that make up the Hangul alphabet) sound may also differ from it's original sound if not followed by a vowel.

<div style="text-align: center;">A sentence example where the 받침 is in red:</div>
[[Image:Badchim_sentence.jpg|center|700px|]]

==Pronunciation: Consonant Followed By a Vowel==
if a consonant in the final position followed by a vowel, the sound shifts over. The only sounds that doesn't shift over to the next syllable is ㅇ since it is weird to begin a weird with a "ng" sound and ㅎ becomes silent when followed by a vowel. Also when ㅌ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 치. See [[ㅌ + 이]]. Likewise when ㄷ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 지. See [[ㄷ + 이]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 맞아 || 마자
|-
| 먹어 || 머거
|-
| 집에 || 지베
|-
| 좋아 || 조아
|-
| 놀아 || 노라
|-
| 필요하다 || 피료
|-
| 한국어 || 한구거
|-
| 같이 || 가치
|-
| 굳이 || 구지
|-
| 졸업 || 조럽
|-
| 십일 || 시빌
|}

==Pronunciation: Consonant Not Followed By a Vowel==
If a consonant in the final position and it is not followed by a vowel, meaning it is the last syllable of the word or followed by another consonant, then it may have a different pronunciation. Notice from the table below that many characters share the same sound when in the 받침 position.



{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Consonants in 받침 Position When Not Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Letter(s) !! Pronunciation !! Comment !! Examples !! Audio
|-
|ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ || /k/ || The /k/ sound is cut short. ||먹다 부엌 깎다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅂ,ㅍ || /p/ || The /p/ sound is cut short. ||밥 수업 춥다 높다 가고싶다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄹ || /l/ sound || If ㄹ is followed by a vowel it is a /r/ sound ||말 살 칼 잘 팔다 멀다 알다
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅇ || /ŋ/ sound || Normally ㅇ acts as a placeholder for a consonant and makes no sound, only in the final position does it make a sound.
|강 성 왕 콩 선생
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄷ, ㄸ,ㅈ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅌ,ㅊ|| /t/ sound || ||옷 곧 찾다 있다 같다 꽃
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}

Note: ㅃ and ㅉ can't appear in the final position.

==Consonant Assimilation==
When certain consonant sounds meet each other, there are consonant assimilation rules that modify the standard pronunciation. For a complete set of rules, see the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation]] section.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Examples of Consonant Assimilation Rules
|-
! Word || Actual Pronunciation || Consonant Assimilation Rule
|-
| 원래 (Originally) || 월래 || [[ㄴ + ㄹ]] → ㄹ, ㄹ
|-
| 작년 (Last year) || 장년 || [[ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ + ㄴ, ㅁ|ㄱ + ㄴ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 대학로 (An area in Seoul) || 대항노 || [[ㄱ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 종로 (Jogno, an area in Seoul) || 종노 || [[ㅇ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 열한 (Eleven) || 여란 || [[ㄹ + ㅎ]] → ㄹ
|-
| 행복하다 (To be happy) || 행복카다 || [[ㄱ + ㅎ]] → ㅋ
|-
| 입학 (School admission) || 이팍 || [[ㅂ + ㅎ]] → ㅍ
|-
| 그헣지 (That's right) || 그러치 || [[ㅎ + ㅈ]] → ㅊ
|-
| need ㄷ example || 그러치 || [[ㄷ + ㅎ]] → ㅌ
|}

==Double 받침==
It is possible to have two '''different''' consonants in the final syllable position (a consonant cluster). If the next syllable starts with a vowel, the sound in the second 받침 position will shift to the next syllable unless it is an ㅎ, in which case the sound is simply ignored.
[[Image:Badchim_example1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Example]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Double 받침 When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 얽어 || 일거
|-
| 없어 || 업서
|-
| 앉아 || 안자
|-
| 짧아 || 짤바
|-
| 싫어 || 실어 → 시러
|-
| 괜찮아 || 괜찬아 → 괜차나
|}

However if it is followed by a consonant in the next syllable over, there is no specific rule as to which sound to pronounce; you must memorize the words individually. The second consonant in the 받침 can also affect the next syllable if one of the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation rules]] applies. See the picture example.

Also add: 잃다,닳다, 귀찮아, 끊다, 끓다 젊다, 읽히다
개미핥기,수박 겉 핥기

*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the first consonant gets pronounced
*많다
*않다
*돐
*넋
*앉다
*짧다
*없다
*핥다
*싫다
*괜찮다
*여덟
ㄵ,ㄶ, ㄳ, ㄼ, ㅀ,

pattern with the specific 받침?
ㄺ,ㄻ, ㄺ,ㄿ,
*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the second consonant gets pronounced
*삶
*닭
*굵다
*옮다
*굶다
*
*
*
*

Please note the tensed consonants(ㅃ, ㅉ, ㄸ, ㄲ, ㅆ,) can appear in the 받침 position, but this doesn't make it a double 받침 since it is still one character and not two separate characters.

==Exceptions==
Words like 닭(chicken) when followed by the subject marker 이 and the object marker 을 would normally have the pronunciation "달기" and "달글" respectively if they followed the normal rules. However they get pronounced as "다기" and "다글" instead.

받침

2009-05-21T08:40:13Z

Jjukumi: /* Pronunciation: Consonant Followed By a Vowel */

The 받침 is the final consonant(or consonant cluster) at the end of a Korean syllable. The 받침 is written in the bottom/final position. Conjugation rules will often depend on if there is a 받침 or not. The consonant in the 받침 position is said to be in the "final position."

The jamo (units that make up the Hangul alphabet) sound may also differ from it's original sound if not followed by a vowel.

<div style="text-align: center;">A sentence example where the 받침 is in red:</div>
[[Image:Badchim_sentence.jpg|center|700px|]]

==Pronunciation: Consonant Followed By a Vowel==
if a consonant in the final position followed by a vowel, the sound shifts over. The only sounds that doesn't shift over to the next syllable is ㅇ since it is weird to begin a weird with a "ng" sound and ㅎ becomes silent when followed by a vowel. Also when ㅌ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 치. See [[ㅌ + 이]]. Likewise when ㄷ is in the final position and followed by the vowel 이, the sound becomes 지. See [[ㄷ + 이]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 맞아 || 마자
|-
| 먹어 || 머거
|-
| 집에 || 지베
|-
| 좋아 || 조아
|-
| 놀아 || 노라
|-
| 필요하다 || 피료
|-
| 한국어 || 한구거
|-
| 같이 || 가치
|-
| 졸업 || 조럽
|-
| 십일 || 시빌
|}

==Pronunciation: Consonant Not Followed By a Vowel==
If a consonant in the final position and it is not followed by a vowel, meaning it is the last syllable of the word or followed by another consonant, then it may have a different pronunciation. Notice from the table below that many characters share the same sound when in the 받침 position.



{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Consonants in 받침 Position When Not Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Letter(s) !! Pronunciation !! Comment !! Examples !! Audio
|-
|ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ || /k/ || The /k/ sound is cut short. ||먹다 부엌 깎다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅂ,ㅍ || /p/ || The /p/ sound is cut short. ||밥 수업 춥다 높다 가고싶다 
| <flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄹ || /l/ sound || If ㄹ is followed by a vowel it is a /r/ sound ||말 살 칼 잘 팔다 멀다 알다
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㅇ || /ŋ/ sound || Normally ㅇ acts as a placeholder for a consonant and makes no sound, only in the final position does it make a sound.
|강 성 왕 콩 선생
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| ㄷ, ㄸ,ㅈ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅌ,ㅊ|| /t/ sound || ||옷 곧 찾다 있다 같다 꽃
|<flashmp3>filename.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}

Note: ㅃ and ㅉ can't appear in the final position.

==Consonant Assimilation==
When certain consonant sounds meet each other, there are consonant assimilation rules that modify the standard pronunciation. For a complete set of rules, see the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation]] section.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Examples of Consonant Assimilation Rules
|-
! Word || Actual Pronunciation || Consonant Assimilation Rule
|-
| 원래 (Originally) || 월래 || [[ㄴ + ㄹ]] → ㄹ, ㄹ
|-
| 작년 (Last year) || 장년 || [[ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ + ㄴ, ㅁ|ㄱ + ㄴ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 대학로 (An area in Seoul) || 대항노 || [[ㄱ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 종로 (Jogno, an area in Seoul) || 종노 || [[ㅇ + ㄹ]] → ㅇ, ㄴ
|-
| 열한 (Eleven) || 여란 || [[ㄹ + ㅎ]] → ㄹ
|-
| 행복하다 (To be happy) || 행복카다 || [[ㄱ + ㅎ]] → ㅋ
|-
| 입학 (School admission) || 이팍 || [[ㅂ + ㅎ]] → ㅍ
|-
| 그헣지 (That's right) || 그러치 || [[ㅎ + ㅈ]] → ㅊ
|-
| need ㄷ example || 그러치 || [[ㄷ + ㅎ]] → ㅌ
|}

==Double 받침==
It is possible to have two '''different''' consonants in the final syllable position (a consonant cluster). If the next syllable starts with a vowel, the sound in the second 받침 position will shift to the next syllable unless it is an ㅎ, in which case the sound is simply ignored.
[[Image:Badchim_example1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Example]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronunciation for Double 받침 When Followed By a Vowel
|-
! Original !! Actual Pronunciation
|-
| 얽어 || 일거
|-
| 없어 || 업서
|-
| 앉아 || 안자
|-
| 짧아 || 짤바
|-
| 싫어 || 실어 → 시러
|-
| 괜찮아 || 괜찬아 → 괜차나
|}

However if it is followed by a consonant in the next syllable over, there is no specific rule as to which sound to pronounce; you must memorize the words individually. The second consonant in the 받침 can also affect the next syllable if one of the [[:Category:Consonant_Assimilation|consonant assimilation rules]] applies. See the picture example.

Also add: 잃다,닳다, 귀찮아, 끊다, 끓다 젊다, 읽히다
개미핥기,수박 겉 핥기

*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the first consonant gets pronounced
*많다
*않다
*돐
*넋
*앉다
*짧다
*없다
*핥다
*싫다
*괜찮다
*여덟
ㄵ,ㄶ, ㄳ, ㄼ, ㅀ,

pattern with the specific 받침?
ㄺ,ㄻ, ㄺ,ㄿ,
*<TODO: insert table> List of words where the second consonant gets pronounced
*삶
*닭
*굵다
*옮다
*굶다
*
*
*
*

Please note the tensed consonants(ㅃ, ㅉ, ㄸ, ㄲ, ㅆ,) can appear in the 받침 position, but this doesn't make it a double 받침 since it is still one character and not two separate characters.

==Exceptions==
Words like 닭(chicken) when followed by the subject marker 이 and the object marker 을 would normally have the pronunciation "달기" and "달글" respectively if they followed the normal rules. However they get pronounced as "다기" and "다글" instead.

Learn hangeul

2009-05-21T08:07:26Z

Jjukumi:

{{HangeulTop}}
Learn the basics, for advanced learners, they should read the individual pages of each letter.

learn what [[받침]] is first, learn the basics of structure

Try to avoid [[romanization]] when learning Hangeul.

==Beginners==
This section is for people who are learning the Korean alphabet for the first time.
*[[Hangeul step 1]]: Introduction and background information on Hangeul (non detailed), details on the language structure, how vowels are formed
*[[Hangeul step 2]]: Consonants: [ ㄱ,ㄴ,ㅇ,ㅁ,ㅂ ] Vowels: [ ㅣ, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅜ ]
*[[Hangeul step 3]]: Consonants: [ ㅅ,ㄷ,ㅈ,ㄹ ] Vowels: [ ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅡ ]
*[[Hangeul step 4]]: Consonants: [ ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅊ,ㅍ] Vowels: [ ㅑ,ㅕ,ㅛ,ㅠ,ㅒ,ㅖ ]
*[[Hangeul step 5]]: Final position ([[받침]]) sounds
*[[Hangeul step 6]]: Consonants [ ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅆ,ㅃ ] Vowels: [ ㅘ,ㅙ,ㅚ,ㅝ,ㅞ,ㅟ,ㅢ ]
*[[Hangeul step 7]]: Additional reading practice

==Intermediate==
*Link to each character page which will be described thoroughly.
*Consonant assimilation rules
==Advanced==
*[[Important 한자]]
*[[Important 한자 2]]
*[[Important 한자 3]]
*[[Archaic and obsolete characters.]]
__NOTITLE__

Talk:Important 한자

2009-05-21T08:05:58Z

Jjukumi: New page: I would probably recommend that the first set of 한자 characters be the ones that are most commonly seen in public, on signs, labels and menus. Although I've found learning 한자 very ...

I would probably recommend that the first set of 한자 characters be the ones that are most commonly seen in public, on signs, labels and menus. Although I've found learning 한자 very useful for advancing my study, some people may not be interested in learning ones they won't see much. The ones I've seen the most on signs would include 大, 中, 小 (on menus etc.), 韓, 漢, 無, 月, 火, 水, 木, 金, 土, 日, 山, 美, 男, 女, 國, 年, etc. [[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 08:05, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

아/어/여 + 요

2009-05-21T07:57:39Z

Jjukumi: /* Conjugation Rule */

Using the 요 ending adds politeness. In order to make the verb or adjective informal low form, known as [[반말]] one can usually simply remove the 요 at the end of the word.

==Conjugation Rule==
why is it verbs like 내다 don't get a 어 attached to it, like it's not 내어요 , but then 쉬다 is 쉬어 right?

- 내 has 아 attached to it. But one of the contraction rules is 애+아→애, so it stays the same; however 위+어 do not contract, so it's 쉬어.[[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 07:57, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

===Verb/Adj Stem + 아===
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels 오 or 아, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no [[받침]] like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. Note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 verbs.
Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
 
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 아
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 가다 (to go)
| 가 || 가아 || 가 ||가(요) ||갔어(요)
|-
| 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok)
| 괜찮 || 괜찮아 || N/A || 괜찮아(요) || 괜찮았어(요)
|-
| 놀다 (to play)
| 놀 || 놀아 || N/A || 놀아(요)|| 놀았어(요)
|-
| 맞다 (to be right, correct)
| 맞 || 맞아 || N/A || 맞아(요) || 맞았어(요)
|-
| 보다 (to see)
| 보 || 보아 || 봐 || 봐(요) / 보아(요 || 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
|-
| 사다
| 사 || 사아 || 사 || 사(요) || 샀어(요)
|-
| 오다 (to come)
| 오 || 오아 || 와 || 와(요) / 오아(요) || 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
|-
| 좋다 (to like)
| 좋 || 좋아 || N/A || 좋아(요) || 좋았어(요)
|}

===Verb/Adj Stem + 어===
If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여. Since the non contracted form is rarely used, the 이 containing verb stems has been given it's own section and excluded from this section.
 
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below.
 
Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section.

*anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 어
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 먹다 (to eat)
| 먹|| 먹어 || N/A || 먹어(요) ||먹었(요)
|-
| 신다 (to put on shoes/socks)
| 신 || 신어 || N/A || 신어(요) || 신었어(요)
|-
| 쓰다 (to write)
| 쓰 || 쓰어 || 써 || 써(요)|| 썼어(요)
|-
| 울다 (to cry)
| 울 || 울어 || N/A || 울어(요) || 울었어(요)
|-
| 읽다 (to read)
| 읽 || 읽어 || N/A || 읽어(요) || 읽었어(요)
|-
| 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting)
| 재미있 || 재미있어 || N/A || 재미있어(요) || 재미있었어(요)
|-
| 주다 (to give)
| 주 || 주어 || 줘 || 줘요 / 주어(요) || 줬어(요) / 주었어(요)
|-
| 크다 (to be big)
| 크 || 크어 || 커 || 커(요) || 컸어(요)
|-
| 필요없다 (to need)
| 필요없 || 필요없어 || N/A || 필요없어(요) || 필요없었어(요)
|-
| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring)
| 힘들 || 힘들어 || N/A || 힘들어(요) || 힘들었어(요)
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem ending with 이 + 어
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 내리다 (to descend)
| 내리|| 내리어 || 내려 || 내려(요) ||내렸어(요)
|-
| 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of)
| 놀리 || 놀리어 || 놀려 || 놀려(요) || 놀렸어(요)
|-
| 떨어지다(to fall)
| 떨어지 || 떨어지어 || 떨어져 || 떨어져(요)|| 떨어졌어(요)
|-
| 먹이다 (to feed)
| 먹이 || 먹이어 || 먹여 || 먹여(요) || 먹였어(요)
|-
| 보이다 (to be seen, visible)
| 보이 || 보이어 || 보여 || 보여(요) || 보였어(요)
|-
| 붙이다 (to attach, stick)
| 붙이 || 붙이어 || 붙여 || 붙여(요) || 붙였어(요)
|-
| 빠지다 (to drown)
| 빠지 || 빠지어 || 빠져 || 빠져(요) || 빠졌어(요)
|-
| 사라지다 (to disappear)
| 사라지 || 사라지어 || 사라져 || 사라져(요) || 사라졌어(요)
|-
| 시키다 (to order)
| 시키 || 시키어 || 시켜 || 시켜(요) || 시켰어(요)
|-
| 웃기다 (to make a person laugh)
| 웃기 || 웃기어 || 웃겨 || 웃겨(요) || 웃겨어(요)
|}

피다(어? or not) --> found examples using 피어 .. any rule to usage?
그리다

===여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)===
Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. The contracted form is mostly used, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used occasionally, mostly in very formal circumstances.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for 하다 Verbs
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 건강하다 (to be healthy)
| 건강하|| 건강하여 || 건강해 || 건강해(요) ||건강했어(요)
|-
| 공부하다 (to study)
| 공부하 || 공부하여 || 공부해 || 공부해(요) || 공부했어(요)
|-
| 궁금하다 (to be curious)
| 궁금하 || 궁금하여 || 궁금해 || 궁금해(요)|| 궁금했어(요)
|-
| 설명하다 (to explain)
| 설명하 || 설명하여 || 설명해 || 설명해(요) || 설명했어(요)
|-
| 연락하다 (to contact someone)
| 연락하 || 연락하여 || 연락해 || 연락해(요) || 연락했어(요)
|-
| 연습하다 (to practice)
| 연습하 || 연습하여 || 연습해 || 연습해(요) || 연습했어(요)
|-
| 예약하다 (to make a reservation)
| 예약하 || 예약하여 || 예약해 || 예약해(요) || 예약했어(요)
|-
| 좋아하다 (to like)
| 좋아하 || 좋아하여 || 좋아해 || 좋아해(요) || 좋아했어(요)
|-
| 필요하다 (to need)
| 필요하 || 필요하여 || 필요해 || 필요해(요) || 필요했어(요)
|-
| 행복하다 (to be happy)
| 행복하 || 행복하여 || 행복해 || 행복해(요) || 행복했어(요)
|}

==Irregular Verbs and Adjectives==
[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
[[르 irregular verbs]]
[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]
[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
[[으 irregular verbs]]
[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]
ㅅ- pg 365
으- pg 443
ㅎ- pg 343

==Usage Exceptions==
*People saying 맞어 and 아퍼

==See Also==
*[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
*[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
*[[르 irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
*[[으 irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]

[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅇ]]
[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]

아/어/여 + 요

2009-05-21T07:57:13Z

Jjukumi: /* Conjugation Rule */

Using the 요 ending adds politeness. In order to make the verb or adjective informal low form, known as [[반말]] one can usually simply remove the 요 at the end of the word.

==Conjugation Rule==
why is it verbs like 내다 don't get a 어 attached to it, like it's not 내어요 , but then 쉬다 is 쉬어 right?
- 내 has 아 attached to it. But one of the contraction rules is 애+아→애, so it stays the same; however 위+어 do not contract, so it's 쉬어.[[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 07:57, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

===Verb/Adj Stem + 아===
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels 오 or 아, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no [[받침]] like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. Note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 verbs.
Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
 
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 아
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 가다 (to go)
| 가 || 가아 || 가 ||가(요) ||갔어(요)
|-
| 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok)
| 괜찮 || 괜찮아 || N/A || 괜찮아(요) || 괜찮았어(요)
|-
| 놀다 (to play)
| 놀 || 놀아 || N/A || 놀아(요)|| 놀았어(요)
|-
| 맞다 (to be right, correct)
| 맞 || 맞아 || N/A || 맞아(요) || 맞았어(요)
|-
| 보다 (to see)
| 보 || 보아 || 봐 || 봐(요) / 보아(요 || 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
|-
| 사다
| 사 || 사아 || 사 || 사(요) || 샀어(요)
|-
| 오다 (to come)
| 오 || 오아 || 와 || 와(요) / 오아(요) || 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
|-
| 좋다 (to like)
| 좋 || 좋아 || N/A || 좋아(요) || 좋았어(요)
|}

===Verb/Adj Stem + 어===
If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여. Since the non contracted form is rarely used, the 이 containing verb stems has been given it's own section and excluded from this section.
 
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below.
 
Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section.

*anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 어
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 먹다 (to eat)
| 먹|| 먹어 || N/A || 먹어(요) ||먹었(요)
|-
| 신다 (to put on shoes/socks)
| 신 || 신어 || N/A || 신어(요) || 신었어(요)
|-
| 쓰다 (to write)
| 쓰 || 쓰어 || 써 || 써(요)|| 썼어(요)
|-
| 울다 (to cry)
| 울 || 울어 || N/A || 울어(요) || 울었어(요)
|-
| 읽다 (to read)
| 읽 || 읽어 || N/A || 읽어(요) || 읽었어(요)
|-
| 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting)
| 재미있 || 재미있어 || N/A || 재미있어(요) || 재미있었어(요)
|-
| 주다 (to give)
| 주 || 주어 || 줘 || 줘요 / 주어(요) || 줬어(요) / 주었어(요)
|-
| 크다 (to be big)
| 크 || 크어 || 커 || 커(요) || 컸어(요)
|-
| 필요없다 (to need)
| 필요없 || 필요없어 || N/A || 필요없어(요) || 필요없었어(요)
|-
| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring)
| 힘들 || 힘들어 || N/A || 힘들어(요) || 힘들었어(요)
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for Verb Stem ending with 이 + 어
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 내리다 (to descend)
| 내리|| 내리어 || 내려 || 내려(요) ||내렸어(요)
|-
| 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of)
| 놀리 || 놀리어 || 놀려 || 놀려(요) || 놀렸어(요)
|-
| 떨어지다(to fall)
| 떨어지 || 떨어지어 || 떨어져 || 떨어져(요)|| 떨어졌어(요)
|-
| 먹이다 (to feed)
| 먹이 || 먹이어 || 먹여 || 먹여(요) || 먹였어(요)
|-
| 보이다 (to be seen, visible)
| 보이 || 보이어 || 보여 || 보여(요) || 보였어(요)
|-
| 붙이다 (to attach, stick)
| 붙이 || 붙이어 || 붙여 || 붙여(요) || 붙였어(요)
|-
| 빠지다 (to drown)
| 빠지 || 빠지어 || 빠져 || 빠져(요) || 빠졌어(요)
|-
| 사라지다 (to disappear)
| 사라지 || 사라지어 || 사라져 || 사라져(요) || 사라졌어(요)
|-
| 시키다 (to order)
| 시키 || 시키어 || 시켜 || 시켜(요) || 시켰어(요)
|-
| 웃기다 (to make a person laugh)
| 웃기 || 웃기어 || 웃겨 || 웃겨(요) || 웃겨어(요)
|}

피다(어? or not) --> found examples using 피어 .. any rule to usage?
그리다

===여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)===
Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. The contracted form is mostly used, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used occasionally, mostly in very formal circumstances.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Examples for 하다 Verbs
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]]
|-
| 건강하다 (to be healthy)
| 건강하|| 건강하여 || 건강해 || 건강해(요) ||건강했어(요)
|-
| 공부하다 (to study)
| 공부하 || 공부하여 || 공부해 || 공부해(요) || 공부했어(요)
|-
| 궁금하다 (to be curious)
| 궁금하 || 궁금하여 || 궁금해 || 궁금해(요)|| 궁금했어(요)
|-
| 설명하다 (to explain)
| 설명하 || 설명하여 || 설명해 || 설명해(요) || 설명했어(요)
|-
| 연락하다 (to contact someone)
| 연락하 || 연락하여 || 연락해 || 연락해(요) || 연락했어(요)
|-
| 연습하다 (to practice)
| 연습하 || 연습하여 || 연습해 || 연습해(요) || 연습했어(요)
|-
| 예약하다 (to make a reservation)
| 예약하 || 예약하여 || 예약해 || 예약해(요) || 예약했어(요)
|-
| 좋아하다 (to like)
| 좋아하 || 좋아하여 || 좋아해 || 좋아해(요) || 좋아했어(요)
|-
| 필요하다 (to need)
| 필요하 || 필요하여 || 필요해 || 필요해(요) || 필요했어(요)
|-
| 행복하다 (to be happy)
| 행복하 || 행복하여 || 행복해 || 행복해(요) || 행복했어(요)
|}

==Irregular Verbs and Adjectives==
[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
[[르 irregular verbs]]
[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]
[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
[[으 irregular verbs]]
[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]
ㅅ- pg 365
으- pg 443
ㅎ- pg 343

==Usage Exceptions==
*People saying 맞어 and 아퍼

==See Also==
*[[ㄷ irregular verbs]]
*[[ㄹ irregular verbs]]
*[[르 irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅂ irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅅ irregular verbs]]
*[[으 irregular verbs]]
*[[ㅎ irregular verbs]]

[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅇ]]
[[Category:SNU Level 1 Grammar|ㅇ]]

N 되다

2009-05-21T07:53:43Z

Jjukumi: Added basic information

'''Noun + 이/가 되다''': This pattern is equivalent to the phrase '''become (Noun)'''

==Conjugation Rule==
The [[subject marker]] 이/가 is added to the noun, followed by the verb 되다.
If the noun ends in a consonant, add 이.
If the noun ends in a vowel, add 가.
 

==Conjugation Examples==
학생이 되다
부자가 되다
 
 
 

==Sentence Examples==
나는 배우가 되고 싶어요: I want to become an actor.
...........
==Usage Exceptions==
.........

==See Also==
[[V + 게 되다]]

SNU level 2 pg 21
N Becomes N V
[[Category:SNU Level 2 Grammar|ㄱ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㄱ]]
[[Category:Noun Grammar Pattern|ㄱ]]

기 위해(서)

2009-05-21T07:48:27Z

Jjukumi:

'''Verb Stem + 기 위해(서)''' : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase '''for the sake of, benefit of, or in order to.'''

==Conjugation Rule==
*Remove the ending from the verb (-다) to form the [[Verb Stem]], and add -기 위해(서) to the end.

==Conjugation Examples==
*보다 → 보기 위해서
*먹다 → 먹기 위해서

==Sentence Examples==
*돈 벌기 위해서 아르바이트를 찾고 있어요: (I) am looking for a part-time job in order to earn some money

==Usage Exceptions==
*Example

==Pronunciation==
*Special pronunciation rule?

==See Also==
*[[N 위해(서)]]

snu level 3 chapt 23
yonsei pg 334

[[Category:SNU Level 3 Grammar|ㄱ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㄱ]]
[[Category:Non Final Ending|ㄱ]]

Hangeul step 1

2009-05-17T09:54:35Z

Jjukumi:

{{HangeulTop}}



==Brief history==
Hangul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444. King Sejong wanted Korea to have it's own script which was easier for the commoner to use. For that reason, there was opposition to Hangeul for a long time by the aristocrats who thought learning Hangeul was only for Women or the poor.

Hangeul is the only alphabet in existence that was invented from scratch for an existing language, rather than naturally developed.

Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the now archaic letters and changing some rules.
==Consonants==
There are three kinds of consonants. The 10 simple consonants form the basis of the other consonants. The 5 tense consonants (also known as double or glottalized) are written as two simple consonants and involve tensing up the mouth. The 4 aspirated consonants (sometimes listed with the simple) involve blowing more air than the simple consonant it's based on.
==Vowels==
There are simple and complex vowels. The 6 simple vowels form the basis of the complex vowels. Within the complex vowels there are diphthongs and iotized. Diphthongs usually (but not always) add a 'w' sound onto a simple vowel and the iotized always adds a 'y' sound.
==Structure==
The easiest way to describe the structure of Hangeul is that it's a combination of a letter-based language like English and a character-based language like Chinese. Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters.

*ㄱ+ㅏ = 가 (g+a = ga)
*ㄴ+ㅜ+ㄴ=눈 (n+oo+n = noon)

*Possible syllable combinations (needs pictures with examples)

==Other resources==
*[[wikipedia:Hangul|Wikipedia's Hangeul page]]

[[Hangeul step 2|Next step →]]

Family

2009-05-16T11:20:40Z

Jjukumi: /* Extended Family */

{{stub}}
*가족 - Family
*혈족 - Kinship, blood-relationship
*일족 - All one's family and relatives
*가장 (家長) - The head of a family
==Immediate Family==
*아버지/아빠 - Father
*아머니/엄마 - Mother
*부부 - Spouse
*형 - Elder Brother (for a boy)
*오빠 - Elder Brother (for a girl)
*누나 - Elder Sister (for a boy)
*언니 - Elder Sister (for a girl)
*남동생 - Younger Brother
*여동생 - Younger Sister
*아들 - Son
*딸 - Daughter
==Extended Family==
*할아버지 - Grandfather
*할머니 - Grandmother
*사촌 - Cousin
*삼촌 - Uncle
*큰아버지 - Uncle (father's older brother)
*작은아버지 - Uncle (father's younger brother)
*고모 - Aunt (father's sister)
*이모 - Aunt (mother's sister)
*고모부 - Uncle (father's sister's husband)
*이모부 - Uncle (mother's sister's husband)
[[Category:Vocabulary]]

Religion

2009-05-16T11:15:42Z

Jjukumi: /* Sects */

{{stub}}
==General==
*종교 - Religion
*예배(하다) <禮拜> - Worship
*신 <神> - a god
*하나님/하느님 - God
*기도(하다) - Prayer, to pray
==Religions==
*기독교 - Christianity
*유대교 - Judaism
*불교 - Buddhism
*힌두교 - Hindu
*무교 - No religion
==Christianity==
*10계명 - 10 commandments
*침례 - Baptism (by immersion)
*세례 - Baptism (by sprinkling)
*성령, 성신 - Holy Ghost / Holy Spirit
===Sects===
*침례교회 - The Baptist Church
*장로교회 - The Presbyterian Church
*감리교회 - The Methodist Church
*성결교회 - The Holiness Church (a denomination found mostly in Japan and Korea, but similar to Wesleyan in nature)
*나사렛성결교회 - The Church of the Nazarene
*예수 그리스도 후리 성도 교회 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS)
*모르몬교 - Mormons (see LDS)
*여호와의 증인 - Jehovah's Witnesses
*구세군 - Salvation Army

===The Bible===
*성경 - The Bible
*장 - chapter
*구절 - verse
*신약전서 - New Testament
*구약전서 - Old Testament
===Jesus Christ===
*예수 그리스도 - Jesus Christ
*구세주 - Savior
*구속주 - Redeemer
*구원하다 - to save
*부활 - resurrection
===Mormonism===
*몰몬경 - Book of Mormon
*교리와 성약 - Doctrine and Covenants
*값진진주 - Pearl of Great Price
==Buddhism==
*절 - Temple
[[Category:Vocabulary]]

Talk:N + 와 같이

2009-05-16T11:13:33Z

Jjukumi: New page: This should be N+와/과 같이. ~~~~

This should be N+와/과 같이. [[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 11:13, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

(으)니까

2009-05-16T11:07:22Z

Jjukumi:

'''Adjective/Verb + (으)니까 ''' : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase '''because of sth'''. Note that the clause that it is added onto is the cause, and the clause that follows it is the result. This phrase is especially used when the result is an imperative or a proposative (let's ...).

==Conjugation Rule==
*Pattern 1 : If there is no [[받침]].
*Pattern 2 : If there is a [[받침]].

==Conjugation Examples==
*Original → After

==Sentence Examples==
*오늘 비가 많이 오니까 만나지 맙시다 : Let's not meet today because of the heavy rain.

==Usage Exceptions==
*Example

==Pronunciation==
*Special pronunciation rule?

==See Also==
*Related topic or grammar

[[Category:SNU Level 2 Grammar|ㄴ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㄴ]]
[[Category:Because|ㄴ]]

N + 처럼

2009-05-16T11:05:10Z

Jjukumi: Added phrase example

''' Noun + 처럼''' : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase '''like Something/Someone'''

==Sentence Examples==
*Pattern 1 : 저는 한국사람처럼 한국어를 할수있으면 좋겠다고 생각해요If there is a [[받침]]
*Pattern 2 : 저는 미영씨처럼 요리 잘할수있으까요? If there is no [[받침]].

==Some common phrases using 처럼==

* 처음처럼 : like the first time (also a brand of 소주)

==Usage Exceptions==
*Example

==Pronunciation==

==See Also==
*[[N + 같이 A/V]]

[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅊ]]

(으)ㄴ 적이 있다

2009-05-16T11:00:54Z

Jjukumi:

'''Verb+(으)ㄴ 적이 있다''' : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase 'to have ~ before' and can also in the question form can mean 'have you ever ~ ?' It is often combined with the form [[V + 어/아/여 보다]] to ask someone if they've ever tried something. The opposite pattern is [[V + (으)ㄴ 적이 없다]].

==Conjugation Rule==
*Verb+은 적이 있다: If there is a [[받침]]
*Verb+ㄴ 적이 있다: If there is no [[받침]].

Note that this construction expresses past tense through verb + (으)ㄴ. There is no need to change the main verb 있다/없다 to its past tense form.

==Conjugation Examples==
*보다 → 본 적이 있다
*먹다 → 먹은 적이 있다
*마시다 → 마신 적이 있다
*(Need some examples without 보다)

==Sentence Examples==
*김치 먹어 본 적이 있어요? [Have you tried Kim-chi before?]
*일본 가 본 적이 있어요? [Have you ever been to Japan?]
 
*'''가:''' 제주도 처음 가요? [First time going to Jeju Island?]
*'''나:''' 아니요, 가 본 적이 있어요. [No, I've gone (there) before]

==Usage Exceptions==
.........

==See Also==
*[[V + (으)ㄴ 적이 없다]]
snu level 2 pg 257
[[Category:SNU Level 2 Grammar|ㄴ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㄴ]]

Talk:N 되다

2009-05-16T10:56:55Z

Jjukumi: New page: I don't think there is a pattern N+게 되다; There's a pattern N+이/가 되다, and there's another one A+게 되다.~~~~

I don't think there is a pattern N+게 되다;
There's a pattern N+이/가 되다, and there's another one A+게 되다.[[User:Jjukumi|Jjukumi]] 10:56, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

(으)면

2009-05-16T10:51:25Z

Jjukumi:

'''Adjective/Verb +(으)면''' : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase '''if adjective/verb''' or '''when adjective/verb'''

==Conjugation Rule==
*Pattern 1 : If there is no [[받침]].
*Pattern 2 : If there is a [[받침]].

==Conjugation Examples==
*Original → After

==Sentence Examples==
*Example

==Usage Exceptions==
*Example

==Pronunciation==
*Special pronunciation rule?

==See Also==
*Related topic or grammar

[[Category:SNU Level 2 Grammar|ㅁ]]
[[Category:Grammar Pattern|ㅁ]]

Subway

2009-05-16T10:42:28Z

Jjukumi: /* Announcements and Messages */

==General Terms==
[[Image:Subway transfer.jpg|thumb|right|갈아타는 곳 - Place to transfer]]
*갈아타는 곳 - The place to transfer.
*교통비 < 交通費 > - Traffic expenses (money used for the subway and bus).
*급행 - Rapid, express.
*급행 열차 - Rapid train, express train.
*나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit (literally place to get out).
[[Image:Subway exit.jpg|thumb|right|나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit]]
*문 - Door.
*선 - Line.
*손님 - Passenger.
*스크린 도 - Platform screen door.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - a (station) platform
*승객 < 乘客 > - Passenger.
*막차 < ―車 >- the last train
*안전선 - Safety line.
*역 < 驛 > - Station. For example: 서울역 is Seoul Station.
*열차 < 列車 > - A train.
*입구 < 入口 > - Entrance.
*자리 - Seat.
*전철 < 電鐵 > - An electric railroad.
*전철역 - Subway station (literally electric railroad station but used interchangeably).
*지하철 < 地下鐵 > - The subway.
*지하철역 - Subway station.
*출구 < 出口 > - Exit.
*출입구 < 出入口 > - Entrance.
[[Image:Subway destination.jpg|thumb|right|선릉행 means the subway bound for 선릉 station]]
*타는 곳 - Boarding area (literally the place to ride).
*출입문 - The subway doors (literally the doors that open and close)
*행 < 行 > - Destination for the train. For example "사당행" means the train is bound for 사당. Some trains don't travel the entire line, so paying attention to the destination is important.
*환승 < 換乘 > - Transfer. When clicking your transformation card on the subway or bus, you'll hear the machine say "환승 입니다" which means you just transfered from another bus or subway and getting the discounted fee. Usually you have 30 minutes to take another bus or subway in order to get this discount.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - Station platform

==Related Verbs==
*갈아타다 - To transfer.
*나가다 - To go out. For example "육번 출구 나가싶시오" means "please go out of exit 6."
*내리다 - To get off (the subway).
*도착하다 - To arrive.
*승차하다 - To get on board.
*찍다 - To place the transportation card against the machine.
*출발하다 - To depart.
*타다 - to ride.

==Other Related Terms==
*양보하다 - to give up, to compromise. "자리를 양보한다" means to give up your seat.
*노약자(老弱者) - Old and weak (people). Usually used in the context of giving up your seat for them.
*장애인 - Disabled and handicapped people

==Train Status==
[[Image:Sindorim sign.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sign at 신도림 station showing the status of other trains.]]
There is usually a sign in the subway station indicating the status of a train. The status is related to subway station next to it, for example if it says "용산 출발" then it means the train is departing from 용산 station.
*출발 - Departing
*대기 - Standing by
*접근 - Approaching
*어번 열차

 

==Seoul Subway Lines==
For lines 1-9 use the [[Sino Korean numbers]].
*분당선 - Bundang line
*신분당선 - New Bundang line. 신(新) means new.
*중앙선 - Jungang line.
*일호선 - Line 1
*이호선 - Line 2
*삼호선 - Line 3
*사호선 - Line 4
*오호선 - Line 5
*육호선 - Line 6
*칠호선 - Line 7
*팔호선 - Line 8
*구호선 - Line 9

Note due to [[consonant assimilation]] rules, some of the line names are pronounced differently than spelled. Proper pronunciation:
*일호선 → "이로선"
*육호선 → "유코선"
*칠호선 → "치로선"
*팔호선 → "파로선"

==Announcements and Messages==
Messages and announcements heard in the subway station and subway.
*내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다 - Please be careful as you get off the train.
*지금 열차가 들어오고 있습니다 - The train is now approaching.
*곧 출발하겠습니다 - (The train) will depart shortly.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Info !! Korean !! English translation !! Audio
|-
| Line 2 (version 1)
| 지금 열차가 들어오고 있습니다 이 역은 승강장과 열차 사이의 간격이 넓으므로 열차를 타고 내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다
|
| <flashmp3>Subway line 2 version 1.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Line 2
| 지금 열차가 들어오고 있습니다 손림 여러분께서는 한걸음 물러서 주시기 바랍니다.
|
|<flashmp3>Subway line 2 platform station.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Bundang line
| tba
| tba
| <flashmp3>Subway watch your step.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}



==See Also==

[[Category:Vocabulary|Subway]]

Subway

2009-05-16T10:41:45Z

Jjukumi: /* Announcements and Messages */

==General Terms==
[[Image:Subway transfer.jpg|thumb|right|갈아타는 곳 - Place to transfer]]
*갈아타는 곳 - The place to transfer.
*교통비 < 交通費 > - Traffic expenses (money used for the subway and bus).
*급행 - Rapid, express.
*급행 열차 - Rapid train, express train.
*나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit (literally place to get out).
[[Image:Subway exit.jpg|thumb|right|나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit]]
*문 - Door.
*선 - Line.
*손님 - Passenger.
*스크린 도 - Platform screen door.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - a (station) platform
*승객 < 乘客 > - Passenger.
*막차 < ―車 >- the last train
*안전선 - Safety line.
*역 < 驛 > - Station. For example: 서울역 is Seoul Station.
*열차 < 列車 > - A train.
*입구 < 入口 > - Entrance.
*자리 - Seat.
*전철 < 電鐵 > - An electric railroad.
*전철역 - Subway station (literally electric railroad station but used interchangeably).
*지하철 < 地下鐵 > - The subway.
*지하철역 - Subway station.
*출구 < 出口 > - Exit.
*출입구 < 出入口 > - Entrance.
[[Image:Subway destination.jpg|thumb|right|선릉행 means the subway bound for 선릉 station]]
*타는 곳 - Boarding area (literally the place to ride).
*출입문 - The subway doors (literally the doors that open and close)
*행 < 行 > - Destination for the train. For example "사당행" means the train is bound for 사당. Some trains don't travel the entire line, so paying attention to the destination is important.
*환승 < 換乘 > - Transfer. When clicking your transformation card on the subway or bus, you'll hear the machine say "환승 입니다" which means you just transfered from another bus or subway and getting the discounted fee. Usually you have 30 minutes to take another bus or subway in order to get this discount.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - Station platform

==Related Verbs==
*갈아타다 - To transfer.
*나가다 - To go out. For example "육번 출구 나가싶시오" means "please go out of exit 6."
*내리다 - To get off (the subway).
*도착하다 - To arrive.
*승차하다 - To get on board.
*찍다 - To place the transportation card against the machine.
*출발하다 - To depart.
*타다 - to ride.

==Other Related Terms==
*양보하다 - to give up, to compromise. "자리를 양보한다" means to give up your seat.
*노약자(老弱者) - Old and weak (people). Usually used in the context of giving up your seat for them.
*장애인 - Disabled and handicapped people

==Train Status==
[[Image:Sindorim sign.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sign at 신도림 station showing the status of other trains.]]
There is usually a sign in the subway station indicating the status of a train. The status is related to subway station next to it, for example if it says "용산 출발" then it means the train is departing from 용산 station.
*출발 - Departing
*대기 - Standing by
*접근 - Approaching
*어번 열차

 

==Seoul Subway Lines==
For lines 1-9 use the [[Sino Korean numbers]].
*분당선 - Bundang line
*신분당선 - New Bundang line. 신(新) means new.
*중앙선 - Jungang line.
*일호선 - Line 1
*이호선 - Line 2
*삼호선 - Line 3
*사호선 - Line 4
*오호선 - Line 5
*육호선 - Line 6
*칠호선 - Line 7
*팔호선 - Line 8
*구호선 - Line 9

Note due to [[consonant assimilation]] rules, some of the line names are pronounced differently than spelled. Proper pronunciation:
*일호선 → "이로선"
*육호선 → "유코선"
*칠호선 → "치로선"
*팔호선 → "파로선"

==Announcements and Messages==
Messages and announcements heard in the subway station and subway.
*내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다 - Please be careful as you get off the train.
*지금 열차가 들어고있습니다 - The train is now approaching.
*곧 출발하겠습니다 - (The train) will depart shortly.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Info !! Korean !! English translation !! Audio
|-
| Line 2 (version 1)
| 지금 열차가 들어오고 있습니다 이 역은 승강장과 열차 사이의 간격이 넓으므로 열차를 타고 내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다
|
| <flashmp3>Subway line 2 version 1.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Line 2
| 지금 열차가 들어오고 있습니다 손림 여러분께서는 한걸음 물러서 주시기 바랍니다.
|
|<flashmp3>Subway line 2 platform station.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Bundang line
| tba
| tba
| <flashmp3>Subway watch your step.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}



==See Also==

[[Category:Vocabulary|Subway]]

Subway

2009-05-16T10:38:52Z

Jjukumi:

==General Terms==
[[Image:Subway transfer.jpg|thumb|right|갈아타는 곳 - Place to transfer]]
*갈아타는 곳 - The place to transfer.
*교통비 < 交通費 > - Traffic expenses (money used for the subway and bus).
*급행 - Rapid, express.
*급행 열차 - Rapid train, express train.
*나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit (literally place to get out).
[[Image:Subway exit.jpg|thumb|right|나가는 곳 - Way out/Exit]]
*문 - Door.
*선 - Line.
*손님 - Passenger.
*스크린 도 - Platform screen door.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - a (station) platform
*승객 < 乘客 > - Passenger.
*막차 < ―車 >- the last train
*안전선 - Safety line.
*역 < 驛 > - Station. For example: 서울역 is Seoul Station.
*열차 < 列車 > - A train.
*입구 < 入口 > - Entrance.
*자리 - Seat.
*전철 < 電鐵 > - An electric railroad.
*전철역 - Subway station (literally electric railroad station but used interchangeably).
*지하철 < 地下鐵 > - The subway.
*지하철역 - Subway station.
*출구 < 出口 > - Exit.
*출입구 < 出入口 > - Entrance.
[[Image:Subway destination.jpg|thumb|right|선릉행 means the subway bound for 선릉 station]]
*타는 곳 - Boarding area (literally the place to ride).
*출입문 - The subway doors (literally the doors that open and close)
*행 < 行 > - Destination for the train. For example "사당행" means the train is bound for 사당. Some trains don't travel the entire line, so paying attention to the destination is important.
*환승 < 換乘 > - Transfer. When clicking your transformation card on the subway or bus, you'll hear the machine say "환승 입니다" which means you just transfered from another bus or subway and getting the discounted fee. Usually you have 30 minutes to take another bus or subway in order to get this discount.
*승강장 < 乘降場 > - Station platform

==Related Verbs==
*갈아타다 - To transfer.
*나가다 - To go out. For example "육번 출구 나가싶시오" means "please go out of exit 6."
*내리다 - To get off (the subway).
*도착하다 - To arrive.
*승차하다 - To get on board.
*찍다 - To place the transportation card against the machine.
*출발하다 - To depart.
*타다 - to ride.

==Other Related Terms==
*양보하다 - to give up, to compromise. "자리를 양보한다" means to give up your seat.
*노약자(老弱者) - Old and weak (people). Usually used in the context of giving up your seat for them.
*장애인 - Disabled and handicapped people

==Train Status==
[[Image:Sindorim sign.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sign at 신도림 station showing the status of other trains.]]
There is usually a sign in the subway station indicating the status of a train. The status is related to subway station next to it, for example if it says "용산 출발" then it means the train is departing from 용산 station.
*출발 - Departing
*대기 - Standing by
*접근 - Approaching
*어번 열차

 

==Seoul Subway Lines==
For lines 1-9 use the [[Sino Korean numbers]].
*분당선 - Bundang line
*신분당선 - New Bundang line. 신(新) means new.
*중앙선 - Jungang line.
*일호선 - Line 1
*이호선 - Line 2
*삼호선 - Line 3
*사호선 - Line 4
*오호선 - Line 5
*육호선 - Line 6
*칠호선 - Line 7
*팔호선 - Line 8
*구호선 - Line 9

Note due to [[consonant assimilation]] rules, some of the line names are pronounced differently than spelled. Proper pronunciation:
*일호선 → "이로선"
*육호선 → "유코선"
*칠호선 → "치로선"
*팔호선 → "파로선"

==Announcements and Messages==
Messages and announcements heard in the subway station and subway.
*내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다 - Please be careful as you get off the train.
*지금 열차가 들어고있습니다 - The train is now approaching.
*곧 출발하겠습니다 - (The train) will depart shortly.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Info !! Korean !! English translation !! Audio
|-
| Line 2 (version 1)
| 지금 열차가 들어 오고있습니다 이 역은 승강장과 열차 사이의 간격이 넓으므로 열차를 타고 내리실 때 조심하시기 바랍니다
|
| <flashmp3>Subway line 2 version 1.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Line 2
| 지금 열차가 들어 오고있습니다 손림 여러분께서는 한 걸음 물러서 주시기 바랍니다.
|
|<flashmp3>Subway line 2 platform station.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|-
| Bundang line
| tba
| tba
| <flashmp3>Subway watch your step.mp3|leftbg=003478|rightbg=c60c30|lefticon=ffffff|righticon=ffffff</flashmp3>
|}



==See Also==

[[Category:Vocabulary|Subway]]