Korean Wiki Project - User contributions [en]

IPA

2019-04-20T01:55:02Z

Restercrest: Nepal

__NOTOC__
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents Korean language pronunciations.

{|
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|

===Korean consonants===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! English equivalent
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
|-
|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align=''center''|<big>dʑʱ</big>|| ㅊ || ch || ''he'''dgeh'''og'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>gʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}} {{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
|-
|align="center"|<big>k</big>|| ㄱ, ㅋ || g, k || — || ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>k͈</big>|| ㄲ || kk || ''s'''k'''in'' || tense [k]
|-
|align="center"|<big>kʰ</big>|| ㅋ, ㅎㄱ || k || '''''c'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>l</big>|| ㄹ, ㄴ || l || ''ca'''ll''''' || ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
|-
|align="center"|<big>m</big>|| ㅁ, ㅂ || m || '''''m'''all'' || ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
|-
|align="center"|<big>n</big>|| ㄴ, ㄹ, {{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ}} || n || '''''n'''ot'' || ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
|-
|align="center"|<big>ŋ</big>|| ㅇ, ㄱ || ng || ''ki'''ng''''' || ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
|-
|align="center"|<big>p</big>|| ㅂ, ㅍ || b, p || — || ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>p͈</big>|| ㅃ || pp || ''s'''p'''an'' || tense [p]
|-
|align="center"|<big>pʰ</big>|| ㅍ, ㅎㅂ || p || '''''p'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɾ</big>|| ㄹ || r || — || A [[wikipedia:flap consonant|flap]], like Scots ''r'' or American ''la'''dd'''er,'' between vowels
|-
|align="center"|<big>s</big>|| ㅅ || s || — || [s] with almost no [[wikipedia:Sibilant consonant|sibilance]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>s͈</big>|| ㅆ || ss || '''''S'''aul'' || tense [s]
|-
|align="center"|<big>t</big>|| ㄷ {{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ}} || d t || — || All are [t] and RR ''t'' at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
|-
|align="center"|<big>t͈</big>|| ㄸ || tt || ''s'''t'''all'' || tense [t]
|-
|align="center"|<big>tʰ</big>|| ㅌ, ㅎㄷ || t || '''''t'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕ</big>|| ㅈ || j || ''ea'''ch''''' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕ͈</big>|| ㅉ || jj || — || tense [tɕ]
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕʰ</big>|| ㅊ, ㅎㅈ || ch || '''''ch'''in'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>w</big>|| ㅜ, ㅗ || w || '''''w'''all'' || spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i]; ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
|-
| || colspan=4| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean vowels===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>a</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅏ ||rowspan=2| a || rowspan=2|''sp'''a'''''
|-
|align="center"|<big>aː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>e</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅔ || rowspan=2|e ||rowspan=2| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>eː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅐ || rowspan=2|ae || rowspan=2|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɛː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>i</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅣ || rowspan=2|i || rowspan=2|''m'''ea'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>iː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>o</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅗ || rowspan=2|o || rowspan=2|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
|-
|align="center"|<big>oː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>u</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅜ || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|''m'''oo'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>uː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ʌ, ɔ</big>|| rowspan=2| ㅓ || rowspan=2| eo || rowspan=2| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in ''north,'' in Seoul and North Korea)
|-
|align="center"|<big>əː, ɔː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯ, ɨ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅡ ||rowspan=2| eu || rowspan=2| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯː</big>
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean diphthongs===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯi</big>|| ㅢ || ui ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>ø, we</big>|| ㅚ || oe || ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan=3|
===Sounds not written in hangul===
|-
! IPA!! Explanation
|-
|align="center"|<big> ː</big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
|-
|align="center"|<big> ́</big> || [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|High tone]], on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
|}
|}

IPA

2019-04-19T09:44:33Z

Restercrest: Bharat

__NOTOC__
The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents Korean language pronunciations.

{|
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="5"|

===Korean consonants===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! English equivalent
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center''|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
|-
|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align=''center''|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align=''center''|<big>dʑʱ</big>|| ㅊ || ch || ''he'''dgeh'''og'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align='''center''|<big>gʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
|-
|align=''center''|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds
|-
|align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}} {{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
|-
|align="center"|<big>k</big>|| ㄱ, ㅋ || g, k || — || ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>k͈</big>|| ㄲ || kk || ''s'''k'''in'' || tense [k]
|-
|align="center"|<big>kʰ</big>|| ㅋ, ㅎㄱ || k || '''''c'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>l</big>|| ㄹ, ㄴ || l || ''ca'''ll''''' || ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
|-
|align="center"|<big>m</big>|| ㅁ, ㅂ || m || '''''m'''all'' || ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
|-
|align="center"|<big>n</big>|| ㄴ, ㄹ, {{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ}} || n || '''''n'''ot'' || ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
|-
|align="center"|<big>ŋ</big>|| ㅇ, ㄱ || ng || ''ki'''ng''''' || ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
|-
|align="center"|<big>p</big>|| ㅂ, ㅍ || b, p || — || ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
|-
|align="center"|<big>p͈</big>|| ㅃ || pp || ''s'''p'''an'' || tense [p]
|-
|align="center"|<big>pʰ</big>|| ㅍ, ㅎㅂ || p || '''''p'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɾ</big>|| ㄹ || r || — || A [[wikipedia:flap consonant|flap]], like Scots ''r'' or American ''la'''dd'''er,'' between vowels
|-
|align="center"|<big>s</big>|| ㅅ || s || — || [s] with almost no [[wikipedia:Sibilant consonant|sibilance]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>s͈</big>|| ㅆ || ss || '''''S'''aul'' || tense [s]
|-
|align="center"|<big>t</big>|| ㄷ {{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ}} || d t || — || All are [t] and RR ''t'' at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
|-
|align="center"|<big>t͈</big>|| ㄸ || tt || ''s'''t'''all'' || tense [t]
|-
|align="center"|<big>tʰ</big>|| ㅌ, ㅎㄷ || t || '''''t'''all'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕ</big>|| ㅈ || j || ''ea'''ch''''' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕ͈</big>|| ㅉ || jj || — || tense [tɕ]
|-
|align="center"|<big>tɕʰ</big>|| ㅊ, ㅎㅈ || ch || '''''ch'''in'' ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>w</big>|| ㅜ, ㅗ || w || '''''w'''all'' || spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i]; ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
|-
| || colspan=4| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean vowels===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>a</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅏ ||rowspan=2| a || rowspan=2|''sp'''a'''''
|-
|align="center"|<big>aː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>e</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅔ || rowspan=2|e ||rowspan=2| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>eː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅐ || rowspan=2|ae || rowspan=2|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɛː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>i</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅣ || rowspan=2|i || rowspan=2|''m'''ea'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>iː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>o</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅗ || rowspan=2|o || rowspan=2|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
|-
|align="center"|<big>oː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>u</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅜ || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|''m'''oo'''n''
|-
|align="center"|<big>uː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ʌ, ɔ</big>|| rowspan=2| ㅓ || rowspan=2| eo || rowspan=2| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in ''north,'' in Seoul and North Korea)
|-
|align="center"|<big>əː, ɔː</big>
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯ, ɨ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅡ ||rowspan=2| eu || rowspan=2| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯː</big>
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan="4"|

===Korean diphthongs===
|-
! IPA
! Hangul
! [[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]
! Notes
|-
|align="center"|<big>ɯi</big>|| ㅢ || ui ||
|-
|align="center"|<big>ø, we</big>|| ㅚ || oe || ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|}

{| class="IPA wikitable"
! colspan=3|
===Sounds not written in hangul===
|-
! IPA!! Explanation
|-
|align="center"|<big> ː</big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
|-
|align="center"|<big> ́</big> || [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|High tone]], on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
|}
|}