TTMIK niveau 5 leçon 2 - Revision history

Lumibd at 16:24, 11 November 2020

2020-11-11T16:24:18Z

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	NIVEAU 5 LEÇON 2		[[TTMIK_Lessons\|Retour TTMIK (General) ]]<br/>
			[[TTMIK_Level_5\|Retour Niveau 5 TTMIK]]<br/>
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			[[Category:TTMIK Leçons (fr)]]
			==NIVEAU 5 LEÇON 2==

Benjoebi at 14:03, 6 June 2011

2011-06-06T14:03:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:03, 6 June 2011
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	Ex) A: 누가 했어요? (Qui a fait ça?) B: 제가 했어요. (C'est moi qui ai fait ça.)		Ex) A: 누가 했어요? (Qui a fait ça?) B: 제가 했어요. (C'est moi qui ai fait ça.)

	Dans des phrases honorifiques, la particule sujet change en 께서 [kke-seo]. On n'utilise 께서 qu'après des sujets à qui on est honorifique, en ~~montrantafter subjects that you are being honorific to, showing~~ respect ~~toward and lowering yourself against~~.		Dans des phrases honorifiques, la particule sujet change en 께서 [kke-seo]. On n'utilise 께서 qu'après des sujets envers qui on est honorifique, en montrant du respect et en se rabaissant.

	Ex) A가 → A께서		Ex) A가 → A께서
	~~Often times~~, ~~the word for the subject itself can change accordingly~~. ~~For example~~, ~~the word~~ 선생님 ~~is already in the honorific form because it has the word~~ “님” ~~but in casual~~ situations ~~you can use~~ 이 or 가 ~~as subject markers~~. ~~But other words need to change forms when they are used in honorific sentences~~.
	Ex) 친구가 → 친구분께서 (~~adding the word~~ 분 [bun]) 사장이 → 사장님께서 (~~adding the word~~ 님 [nim]) 현우 씨가 → 현우 님께서 (~~changing the word~~ 씨 [ssi] to 님 [nim])		Souvent, le mot pour le sujet lui-même peut changer en conséquence. Par exemple, le mot 선생님 est déjà dans une forme honorifique parce qu'il a le mot “님” mais dans des situations familières, on peut utilise 이 ou 가 en tant que particule sujet. Mais d'autres mots doivent changer de forme quand isl sont utilisés dans des phrases honorifiques.
	~~But in everyday~~ conversations, ~~if you are talking with people that you are somewhat close to~~, ~~you can drop 께서 while still keeping the basic honorific forms using~~ -시-.
	Ex) 1. 현우 씨, 언제 오실 거예요? = Hyunwoo, ~~when are you going to come here~~? 2. 선생님이 주셨어요. = ~~My teacher gave it to~~ me. 3. 아빠 오셨어요. = ~~My father is here~~.		Ex) 친구가 → 친구분께서 (ajoutant le mot 분 [bun]) 사장이 → 사장님께서 (ajoutant le mot 님 [nim]) 현우 씨가 → 현우 님께서 (changeant le mot 씨 [ssi] en 님 [nim])
	~~Irregular verbs exampls~~ 1. 듣다 [deut-da] = ~~to listen~~ → [~~honorific~~] 들으시다 [deu-reu-si-da]
	2. 팔다 [pal-da] = ~~to sell~~		Mais dans des conversations de tous les jours, si vous parlez avec des gens avec qui vous êtes proches, vous pouvez enlever 서 en gardant la forme honorifique de base-시-.
	This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
	~~TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes LEVEL 5 LESSON 2~~
	→ [~~honorific~~] 파시다 [pa-si-da]		Ex)
	3. 먹다 [meok-da] = ~~to eat~~ → [~~honorific~~] 드시다 [deu-si-da]
	4. 마시다 [ma-si-da] = ~~to drink~~ → [~~honorific~~] 드시다 [deu-si-da] (** ~~the same as~~ 먹다)		1. 현우 씨, 언제 오실 거예요? = Hyunwoo, quand vas-tu venir ici?
	~~Fixed expressions~~ (~~noun~~ + 하시다) ~~There are some nouns that are only used in honorific~~ situations. ~~They are used with~~ 하시다 ~~to form utmost hon- orific and polite~~ expressions.
	말 [mal] = ~~talk~~, ~~speech~~, ~~story~~, ~~speaking~~ → 말씀 [mal-sseum] → 말씀하시다 [mal-sseum-ha-si-da] = ~~to talk~~		2. 선생님이 주셨어요. = Mon professeur me l'a donné.
	먹다 [meok-da] = ~~to eat~~ → 식사 [sik-sa] = ~~meal~~ → 식사하시다 [sik-sa-ha-si-da] = ~~to have a meal~~
	-셔요 ~~becoming~~ -세요		3. 아빠 오셨어요. = Mon père est là.
	~~Originally~~, ~~when~~ -시- ~~is combined with~~ -아/어/여요, ~~the present tense ending~~, ~~it becomes~~ -셔요. ~~But over time~~, ~~people have started pronouncing it and even writing it as -~~세요 ~~because it’s easier to pronounce~~. ~~This is only found in present tense sentences and imperative sentences~~.
	~~Present tense~~: Ex) 어디 가셔요? → 어디 가세요? (어디 가셔요 ~~is still~~ correct, ~~but people say~~ 어디 가세요 ~~more commonly~~.)		Exemples de verbes irréguliers
	~~Imperative~~: Ex) 하지 마셔요. → 하지 마세요. (하지 마세요 ~~is still~~ correct, ~~but people say~~ 하지 마세요 ~~more commonly~~.)
	This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.		1. 듣다 [deut-da] = écouter → [honorifique] 들으시다 [deu-reu-si-da]

			2. 팔다 [pal-da] = vendre → [honorifique] 파시다 [pa-si-da]

			3. 먹다 [meok-da] = manger → [honorifique] 드시다 [deu-si-da]

			4. 마시다 [ma-si-da] = boire → [honorifique] 드시다 [deu-si-da] (** même que 먹다)

			Expressions fixes (nom + 하시다)

			Il y a certains noms qui ne sont utilisés que dans des situations honorifiques. Ils sont utilisés avec 하시다 pour faire des expressions plus polies et plus honorifiques.

			말 [mal] = discours, histoire, discussion, le fait de parler → 말씀 [mal-sseum] → 말씀하시다 [mal-sseum-ha-si-da] = parler

			먹다 [meok-da] = manger → 식사 [sik-sa] = repas → 식사하시다 [sik-sa-ha-si-da] = manger un repas


			-셔요 devenant -세요

			A l'origine, quand -시- est combiné avec -아/어/여요, la terminaison du présent, il devient -셔요. Mais au fil du temps, les gens ont commencé à le prononcer et même à l'écrire 세요 parce que c'est plus facile à prononcer. On ne trouve cette forme qu'au présent et à l'impératif.

			Présent: Ex) 어디 가셔요? → 어디 가세요? (어디 가셔요 est toujours correct, mais les gens disent plus communément 어디 가세요.)
			Imperatif: Ex) 하지 마셔요. → 하지 마세요. (하지 마세요 est toujours correct, mais les gens disent plus communément 하지 마세요.)

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2011-06-06T11:19:01Z

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NIVEAU 5 LEÇON 2

Bienvenu à tous à la 2ème leçon du niveau 5. Dans cette leçon nous allons introduire comment le suffixe -시- [-si-] est utilisé dans des situations plus polies et formelles. Même si c'est la première fois que vous entendez parler de ce "suffixe honorifique", vous avez probablement déjà du voir des expressions auparavant qui sont composées de ce mot -시- , comme 안녕하세요, 안녕히 가세요 or 주세요.

Qu'est-ce qu'est -시-?

-시- est un "suffixe" donc n'est jamais utilisé seul. Quand il est combiné avec d'autres verbes, -시- fait une phrase "honorifique", c'est-à-dire que le locuteur montre du respect à la personne dont il parle. Si le locuteur veut montrer du respect à son interlocuteur, il peut lui montrer son respect en utilisant le suffixe honorifique -시- également.

Comment est-ce utilisé ?

-시- peut-être utilisé à n'importe quel temps. On ajoute -시- entre le radical du verbe et la terminaison.

COURANT

Present : radical du verbe + -아/어/여요

Passé : radical du verbe + -았/었/였어요

Futur : radical du verbe + -ᄅ 거예요

HONORIFIQUE

Present : radical du verbe + -시- + -어요

Passé : radical du verbe + -시- + -었어요

Futur : radical du verbe + -시- + -ᄅ 거예요

** Quand le radical du verbe finit par une consonne, on doit ajouter 으 [eu] devant 시 pour faciliter la prononciation.

Exemples

1. 보다 [bo-da] = voir

Present [courant] 보 + -아요 = 봐요 [bwa-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + -어요 = 보셔요 [bo-syeo-yo]

Passé [courant] 보 + -았- + -어요 = 봤어요 [bwa-sseo-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + -었- + -어요 = 보셨어요 [bo-syeo-sseo-yo]

Futur [courant] 보 + -ᄅ 거예요 = 볼 거예요 [bol geo-ye-yo] [honorifique] 보 + -시- + ᄅ 거예요 = 보실 거예요 [bo-sil geo-ye-yo]

2. 웃다 [ut-da] = to laugh, to smile

Present [courant] 웃 + -어요 = 웃어요 [u-seo-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -어요 = 웃으셔요 [u-seo-syeo-yo]

Passé [courant] 웃 + -었- + -어요 = 웃었어요 [u-seo-sseo-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -었- + -어요 = 웃으셨어요 [u-seu-syeo-sseo-yo]

Futur [courant] 웃 + -을 거예요 = 웃을 거예요 [u-seul geo-ye-yo] [honorifique] 웃 + -으시- + -ᄅ 거예요 = 웃으실 거예요 [u-seu-sil geo-ye-yo]

La particule sujet honorifique

Vous savez déjà ce que sont les particules sujets. Ce sont 이 [i] et 가 [ga] et ils montrent "QUI" a fait l'action ou “QUI” est le sujet du verbe.

Ex) A: 누가 했어요? (Qui a fait ça?) B: 제가 했어요. (C'est moi qui ai fait ça.)

Dans des phrases honorifiques, la particule sujet change en 께서 [kke-seo]. On n'utilise 께서 qu'après des sujets à qui on est honorifique, en montrantafter subjects that you are being honorific to, showing respect toward and lowering yourself against.
Ex) A가 → A께서
Often times, the word for the subject itself can change accordingly. For example, the word 선생님 is already in the honorific form because it has the word “님” but in casual situations you can use 이 or 가 as subject markers. But other words need to change forms when they are used in honorific sentences.
Ex) 친구가 → 친구분께서 (adding the word 분 [bun]) 사장이 → 사장님께서 (adding the word 님 [nim]) 현우 씨가 → 현우 님께서 (changing the word 씨 [ssi] to 님 [nim])
But in everyday conversations, if you are talking with people that you are somewhat close to, you can drop 께서 while still keeping the basic honorific forms using -시-.
Ex) 1. 현우 씨, 언제 오실 거예요? = Hyunwoo, when are you going to come here? 2. 선생님이 주셨어요. = My teacher gave it to me. 3. 아빠 오셨어요. = My father is here.
Irregular verbs exampls 1. 듣다 [deut-da] = to listen → [honorific] 들으시다 [deu-reu-si-da]
2. 팔다 [pal-da] = to sell
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes LEVEL 5 LESSON 2
→ [honorific] 파시다 [pa-si-da]
3. 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat → [honorific] 드시다 [deu-si-da]
4. 마시다 [ma-si-da] = to drink → [honorific] 드시다 [deu-si-da] (** the same as 먹다)
Fixed expressions (noun + 하시다) There are some nouns that are only used in honorific situations. They are used with 하시다 to form utmost hon- orific and polite expressions.
말 [mal] = talk, speech, story, speaking → 말씀 [mal-sseum] → 말씀하시다 [mal-sseum-ha-si-da] = to talk
먹다 [meok-da] = to eat → 식사 [sik-sa] = meal → 식사하시다 [sik-sa-ha-si-da] = to have a meal
-셔요 becoming -세요
Originally, when -시- is combined with -아/어/여요, the present tense ending, it becomes -셔요. But over time, people have started pronouncing it and even writing it as -세요 because it’s easier to pronounce. This is only found in present tense sentences and imperative sentences.
Present tense: Ex) 어디 가셔요? → 어디 가세요? (어디 가셔요 is still correct, but people say 어디 가세요 more commonly.)
Imperative: Ex) 하지 마셔요. → 하지 마세요. (하지 마세요 is still correct, but people say 하지 마세요 more commonly.)
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.