Adverbs
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In general, many adverbs, called 부사 in Korean, are created by attaching 게 to to the end of an adjective stem (A + 게). However, sometimes there is a more natural form, especially adverbs ending with the syllable 히 or (으)로. Also since Korean and English are quite different languages, some of the adverbs translated literally into English can sound awkward, for example '맛있게 먹다' means eat deliciously.
Contents
Common Adverbs Formed with Adjective + 게
Also see: A + 게
| Adjective (descriptive verb) | Meaning | Adverb form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 가볍다 | to be light | 가볍게 | lightly |
| 나쁘다 | to be bad | 나쁘게 | badly |
| 늦다 | to be late | 늦게 | late (adv) |
| 맛있다 | to be delicious | 맛있게 | deliciously |
| 무례하다 <無禮――> | to be rude | 무례하게 | rudely |
| 바쁘다 | to be busy | 바쁘게 | busily |
| 밝다 | to be bright | 밝게 | brightly |
| 싸다 | to be cheap | 싸게 | cheaply |
| 아름답다 | to be beautiful | 아름답게 | beautifully |
| 안전하다 <安全――> | to be safe | 안전하게 | safely |
| 어렵다 | to be difficult | 어렵게 | difficultly |
| 예쁘다 | to be pretty | 예쁘게 | prettily |
| 용기 있다 <勇氣 ――> | to have courage | 용기있게 | bravely, courageously |
| 위험하다 <危險――> | to be dangerous | 위험하게 | dangerously |
| 자연스럽다 <自然―――> | to be natural | 가연스럽게 | naturally |
| 자유롭다 <自由――> | to be free | 자유롭게 | freely |
| 재미있다 | to be fun | 재미있게 | entertainingly |
| 조용하다 | to be quiet | 조용하게 | quietly |
| 즐겁다 | to be pleasant | 즐겁게 | pleasantly |
| 크다 | to be large | 크게 | largely |
| 편리하다 <便利――> | to be convenient | 편리하게 | conveniently |
| 편하다 <便――> | to be comfortable | 편하게 | comfortably |
| 행복하다 <幸福> | to be happy | 행복하게 | Happily |
Common Adverbs Ending with 히
| Adverb | Meaning | Derived from | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 대단히 | greatly, highly, extremely | 대단하다 | to be great, incredible |
| 분명히 <分明―> | definitely, clearly, certainly | 분명하다 | to be clear |
| 솔직히 <率直―> | honestly, frankly | 솔직하다 | to be frank, honest, open |
| 순순히 <順順--> | passively, obediently | 순순하다 | to be passive, obedient |
| 열심히 <熱心--> | zealously, hard (i.e. work hard) | ||
| 완전히 <完全-> | completely, fully, perfectly | 완전하다 | to be complete, full, perfect |
| 우연히 <偶然-> | on accident, by chance | 우연하다 | to be accidental, coincidental |
| 자세히 <仔細-> | in detail | 자세하다 | to be detailed |
| 천천히 | slowly | N/A | |
| 특히 <特-> | especially, particularly | 특별하다 <特別--> | to be special |
| 확실히 <確實-> | certainly, for sure, for certain, definitely | 확실하다 | to be certain, sure |
Korean seldom use "천천한" so don't regard it as mechanical thing.
Some words originated from Chinese Character, like English word with Latin or Greek dervation. That's why you may have some difficulty in finding relation between "특히" & "특별한"
There's some applications of "특". "특식" - special food "특실" - special room "특차" - specially selected and uncountable applications because Chinese charcter has its own meaning and various combinations are possible.
Common Adverbs Ending with (으)로
These are often formed with nouns, sometimes in conjunction with 적 attached to the noun as well.
| Noun or derivative | Meaning | Adverb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 일반 | general | 일반적으로 | generally |
| 자동 | automatic | 자동으로 | automatically |
| 공식 | 공식적으로 | formally, officially | |
| 비공식 | 비공식적으로 | informally, unofficially | |
| 협동 | 협동적으로 | cooperatively | |
| 주기 | 주기적으로 | regularly | |
| 장기 | 장기적으로 | in the long term | |
| 단기 | 단기적으로 | in the short term | |
| 상식 | 상식적으로 | using common sense, through common sense | |
| 사적 | personal | 사적으로 | personally |
| 적극 | 적극적으로 | enthusiastically, actively, aggressively | |
| 획기 | 획기적으로 | innovatively | |
| 극 | drama | 극적으로 | dramatically |
| 기적 | miracle | 기적적으로 | miraculously |
| 전적 | 전적으로 | completely, totally, entirely | |
| 상대 | relativity | 상대적으로 | relatively |
| 잠정 | 잠정적으로 | tentatively | |
| 물리 | physics | 물리적으로 | physically |
| 심리 | psychology | 심리적으로 | psychologically |
| 질적 | qualitative | 질적으로 | qualitatively |
| 고질 | 고질적으로 | chronically | |
| 기본 | fundamental | 기본적으로 | fundamentally |
| 본능 | instinct | 본능적으로 | instinctively |
| 수동 | manual | 수동으로 | manually |
| 의도 | intention | 의도적으로 | intentionally, on purpose |
| 억지 | 억지로 | by force, forcibly, against one's will | |
| 구체적 | detailed | 구체적으로 | in detail |
Other Adverbs
- 직접 - in person
- 없이 - without
- 틀림 없이 - Certainly, sure, definitely, no matter what. Literally means 'without error' or 'without a mistake.'
- 빨리 - quickly 빠른 is quick, and 빨리 is just similar changing.
- 많이 - many
- 일찍 - early
- 같이 - with, together. 같은 means same. If people has common mind, they could be together.
That's why Korean usually say "우리 아빠" (our dad) instead of "내 아빠" (my dad). Korean has more concern about concept of community, though it is becoming more influenced by western style individualism.
- 따로 - separately. It comes from 다른 (different).
- 깊이 - deeply. 깊은 is adjective/modifier.
- 갑자기 - suddenly. 갑작스런 is adjective.
- 꼭 - for sure
- 반드시 - at all cost, no matter what
- 보통 - usually
- 전혀 - never
- 만날 - every day. More often pronounced and used as 맨날.
- 자주 - often, frequently.
- 자꾸 - continuously often; 자꾸 is something to do with obsession.
- "자꾸 니 생각이나" (I can't stop thinking about you)
- 가끔 - sometimes, occasionally, once in a while.
- 일부러 - on purpose, deliberately
- 함부로 - carelessly, mindlessly
