Difference between revisions of "Important 한자"

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[[Hanja]] is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. For Korean learners, learning the actual Chinese character isn't as important as learning the meaning and Korean pronunciation of the character. For example learning 驛 wouldn't be as useful as learning that the character is called '역' and means 'station.' Note that many characters can have the same pronunciation, but totally different meanings, i.e. 일(日 meaning sun) vs 일 (一 meaning one).
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==Introduction==
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[[Hanja]] is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. For Korean learners, learning the actual Chinese character isn't as important as learning the meaning and Korean pronunciation of the character. For example learning [[驛]] wouldn't be as useful as learning that the character is '역' and means 'station.' Note that many characters can have the same pronunciation, but totally different meanings, i.e. 일([[日]] meaning sun) vs 일 ([[一]] meaning one).
  
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Please note: ― means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <[[洞]]―>. There is no Hanja character for 네, ― is not to be confused for 일 ([[一]]).
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*Under construction
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*Numbers
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*Days of the week
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*Part 1: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ
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*Part 2: ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ
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*Part 3: ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
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<!--Table of contents should generate with h2 but it's not doing so, want a TOC for each hanja character-->
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Also note that some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce it. For example, '[[女]]', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But as you can see from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙' and North Korea doesn't follow this rule (nor do they use 한자 anymore).  
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Please note: ― means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <洞―>. There is no Hanja character for 네, ― is not to be confused for 일 (一).
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Please note 2: Some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce. For example, '女', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But you can see, from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙', and North Korea doesn't accept this rule.  
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==Days of the week==
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Let's start with the days of the week, since it's basic:
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
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|-
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| [[File:日.png|150px]]<br>Sunday<br>日
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| [[File:月.png|150px]]<br>Monday<br>月
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|[[File:火.png|150px]]<br>Tuesday<br>火
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| [[File:水.png|150px]]<br>Wednesday<br>水
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| [[File:木.png|150px]]<br>Thursday<br>木
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| [[File:金.png|150px]]<br>Friday<br>金
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| [[File:土.png|150px]]<br>Saturday<br>土
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|}
  
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두음법칙 (Anyone can change this if this part looks unneccesary)
 
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: In the first syllable of a word,  ㄴ or ㄹ combined with a vowel such as ㅣ, ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ becomes ㅇ. However, when ㄹ is combined with a vowel such as ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ, it is changed into ㄴ. And this rule is only applied when the it comes to the first syllable.
 
  
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For examples:
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==Important 한자 1==
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Part 1 contains 한자 characters from ㄱ to ㅁ.
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<!--두음법칙 (Anyone can change this if this part looks unneccesary)
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: In the first syllable of a word,  ㄴ or ㄹ combined with a vowel such as ㅣ, ㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ, ㅠ becomes ㅇ. However, when ㄹ is combined with a vowel such as ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅡ, ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅚ, it is changed into ㄴ. And this rule is only applied when the it comes to the first syllable.-->
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<!--For examples:
 
이빨 (teeth of animals, a humble form for '이')
 
이빨 (teeth of animals, a humble form for '이')
 
사랑니 (a wisdom tooth)
 
사랑니 (a wisdom tooth)
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노인老人 (someone who is old, senior)
 
노인老人 (someone who is old, senior)
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연로年老 (aged and getting old)
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연로年老 (aged and getting old)-->
  
  
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*  
 
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Revision as of 04:03, 4 March 2010

Introduction

Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. For Korean learners, learning the actual Chinese character isn't as important as learning the meaning and Korean pronunciation of the character. For example learning 驛 wouldn't be as useful as learning that the character is '역' and means 'station.' Note that many characters can have the same pronunciation, but totally different meanings, i.e. 일(日 meaning sun) vs 일 (一 meaning one).

Please note: ― means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <洞―>. There is no Hanja character for 네, ― is not to be confused for 일 (一).

Also note that some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce it. For example, '女', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But as you can see from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙' and North Korea doesn't follow this rule (nor do they use 한자 anymore).

Days of the week

Let's start with the days of the week, since it's basic:

日.png
Sunday
日 		月.png
Monday
月 		火.png
Tuesday
火 		水.png
Wednesday
水 		木.png
Thursday
木 		金.png
Friday
金 		土.png
Saturday
土


Important 한자 1

Part 1 contains 한자 characters from ㄱ to ㅁ.







강 <江> - River

江.png
  • 강 < 江 > - River
  • 한강 < 漢江 > - Han River
  • 강남 < 江南 > - South of the river
  • 강북 < 江北 > - North of the river
  • 강가 - Riverside,Riverbank
  • 강변 < 江邊 > - Riverside,Riverbank
  • 강변도로 < 江邊道路 > - Riverside road
  • 강둑 - River embankment
  • 강물 - River water
  • 강줄기 - River course
For more examples see: 江




고 <高> - High, Tall

高.png
  • 고속 < 高速 > - High speed
  • 고속버스 - Express bus
  • 고층 < 高層 > - Upper floors
  • 고층빌딩 <高層-- > - Skyscraper
  • 고급 < 高級 > - High rank, High grade/class, Seniority
  • 최고 < 最高 > - Maximum, Best, Supremacy
  • 고등 < 高等 > - High level (grade)
  • 고등학교 < 高等學校 > - High school
  • 고등학생 < 高等學生 > - High school student
  • 고혈압 < 高血壓 > - High blood pressure
For more examples see: 高




과 <科> - Section, Department, Science

科.png
  • 치과 < 齒科 > - Dentist office, Denistry
  • 안과 < 眼科 > - Ophthalmology
  • 정형외과 < 整形外科 > - Orthopedics
  • 과목 < 科目 > - Subject, Lesson
  • 학과 < 學科 > - School subject, Lesson
  • 교과서 < 敎科書 > - Textbook, Schoolbook
  • 영문학과 < 英文學科 > - The English literature department
  • 컴퓨터공학과 <---工學科 > - The computer engineering department
  • 과학 < 科學 > - Science
  • 과학자 < 科學者 > - Scientist
For more examples see: 科




교 <敎> - Teach, faith, religion

敎.png
  • 교육 < 敎育 > - Education
  • 교수 < 敎授 > - Professor
  • 교사 < 敎師 > - Teacher
  • 교과 < 敎科 > - Subject
  • 교과서 < 敎科書 > - Textbook (school)
  • 교무실 < 敎務 > - Teacher's office
  • 종교 < 宗敎 > - Religion
  • 기독교 < 基督敎 > - Christianity
  • 천주교 < 天主敎 > - Catholicism
  • 불교 < 佛敎 > - Buddhism
For more examples see: 敎




교 <校> - School

校.png
  • 학교 < 學校 > - School
  • 초등학교 < 初等學校 > - Elementary school
  • 모교 < 母校 > - Alma mater
  • 등교 < 登校 > - Attending school
  • 교문 < 校門 > - School gate
  • 교가 < 校歌 > - School song
  • 교정 < 校庭 > - The campus
  • 교복 < 校服 > - School uniform
  • 교훈 < 校訓 > - Motto for school discipline
  • 교장 < 校長 > - Principal, Head a school
For more examples see: 校




구 <區> - District, ward , area

區.png
  • 강남구 < 江南區 > - Gangnam district
  • 성북구 < 城北區 > - Sungbuk district
  • 구청 < 區廳 > - District office
  • 구민 < 區民 > - The inhabitants of a district
  • 구분 < 區分 > - A division, A section
  • 구역 < 區域 > - A zone, A district
  • 구획 < 區劃 > - A section, A division
  • 구별 < 區別 > - Distinction, Classification
  • 구간 < 區間 > - A section, A block
  • 지역구 < 地域區 > - Local constituencies(electorates)
For more examples see: 區




구 <口> - Entrance, gate, mouth, open end

口.png
  • 입구 < 入口 > - Entrance, way in
  • 출구 < 出口 > - Exit, way out
  • 구강암 < 口腔癌 > - Cancer of the mouth
  • 은행창구 < 銀行窓口 > - Bank windows
  • 출납구 <出納口 > - (Bank) Teller window
  • 항구 < 港口 > - Port,Harbor
  • 구호 < 口號 > - Slogan, Motto
  • 구두시험 < 口頭試驗 > - Oral test
  • 인구 < 人口 > - Population
  • 식구 < 食口 > - Members of a family
For more examples see: 口




국 <國> - Nation, country

國.png
  • 국민 < 國民 > - A nation, the nation, a people the people
  • 외국 < 外國 > - A foreign country
  • 한국 < 韓國 > - Korea
  • 미국 < 美國 > - The United States
  • 중국 < 中國 > - China
  • 국화 < 國花 > - National Flower
  • 국회 < 國會 > - The National Assembly
  • 국민 연금 < 國民年金 > - National pension
  • 국가 < 國歌 > - National anthem
  • 국보 < 國寶 > - National treasure(heirloom)
For more examples see: 國




남 <南> - South

南.png
  • 강남 < 江南 > - South of the river
  • 경상남도 < 慶尙南道 >,전라남도< 全羅南道 >, 충청남도 < 忠淸南道 >
  • 남한 < 南韓 > - Souut Korea ↔ 북한 < 北韓 > - North Korea
  • 남대문 < 南大門 > - The South Gate of Seoul (Namdaemoon)
  • 남산 < 南山 > - The South Mountain of Seoul (Namsan)
  • 남극 < 南極 > - The South Pole
  • 남해 < 南海 > - The southern sea
  • 남향 < 南向 > - A southern exposure
  • 남풍 < 南風 > - The south wind
  • 남미 < 南美 > - The South America
For more examples see: 南




남 <男> - Male

男.png
  • 남자 < 男子 > - Man, Male
  • 남편 < 男便 > - Husband
  • 장남 < 長男 > - The oldest son
  • 차남 < 次男 > - One´s second son
  • 처남 < 妻男 > - A one's brother-in-law
  • 남동생 < 男同生 > - A younger brother
  • 남학생 < 男學生 > - A boy student
  • 남성호르몬 < 男性―> - Male hormone(testosterone)
  • 득남 < 得男 > - Begetting a son
  • 남성미 < 男性美 > - Masculine beauty
For more examples see: 男




녀 <女> - Female (also 여)

女.png
  • 여자 < 女子 > - Woman, Female
  • 장녀 < 長女 > - The oldest daughter
  • 여학생 < 女學生 > - A girl student
  • 여군 < 女軍 > - A woman soldier
  • 남녀평등 < 男女平等 > - The equality of the sexes
  • 여동생 < 女同生 > - A younger sister
  • 해녀 < 海女 > - A woman diver for gathering seafoods
  • 소녀 < 少女 > - A young girl
  • 득녀 < 得女 > - Begetting a daughter
  • 여성미 < 女性美 > - The feminine beauty
For more examples see: 女




년 <年> - Year (also 연)

年.png
  • 2009년< 年 > - 2009
  • 작년 < 昨年 > - Last year
  • 내년 < 來年 > - Next year
  • 매년 < 每年 > - Every year
  • 금년 < 今年 > - This year
  • 신년 < 新年 > - New year
  • 3학년 < 學年 > - 3rd grade
  • 미성년자 < 未成年者 > - A minor, A person under age
  • 10주년 < 十週年 > - 10th anniversary
  • 광년 < 光年 > - A light-year
For more examples see: 年




대 <大> - Big, large

大.png
  • 대문자 < 大文字 > - Capital letter(ABCD) ↔ 소문자 < 小文字 > - Small letter(abcd)
  • 대한민국 < 大韓民國 > - The Republic of Korea
  • 대통령 < 大統領 > - President
  • 대학교 < 大學校 > - University
  • 대기업 < 大企業 > - A large enterprise
  • 대가족 < 大家族 > - A large family
  • 대문 < 大門 > - The main gate
  • 대도시 < 大都市 > - A big city, A metropolis
  • 대량 < 大量 > - A large quantity
  • 확대 < 擴大 > - Magnification
For more examples see: 大




도 <道> - Road, Morality

道.png
  • 도로 < 道路 > - Road, Way
  • 철도 < 鐵道 > - Railroad, Railway
  • 횡단보도 < 橫斷步道 > - Crosswalk
  • 인도 < 人道 > - Sidewalk, Footpath
  • 복도 < 複道 > - Hallway
  • 도덕 < 道德 > - Morality, Ethics
  • 효도 < 孝道 > - Filial piety
  • 태권도 < 跆拳道 > - Taekwondo (the Korean art of self-defense)
  • 도리 < 道理 > - Truth, Justice
  • 불도 < 佛道 > - Buddhism, The teachings of Buddha
For more examples see: 道




동 <同> - The same

同.png
  • 동일 < 同一 > - Sameness, Oneness
  • 동료 < 同僚 > - A co-worker, A colleague
  • 동호회 < 同好會 > - A club
  • 동감(하다) < 同感 > - The same feeling, To feel the same way
  • 동의하다 < 同意 > - To agree with a person
  • 동의어 < 同義語 > - A synonym
  • 동시 < 同時 > - The same time
  • 동생 < 同生 > - A younger brother/sister
  • 공동 < 共同 > - Association
  • 동고동락(하다) < 同苦同樂 > - To share one´s joys and sorrows with someone
For more examples see: 同




동 <動> - Be moving, be in motion

動.png
  • 활동 < 活動 > - Activity, Action
  • 운동 < 運動 > - Exercise
  • 자동차 < 自動車 > - Car
  • 동물 < 動物 > - Animal
  • 행동 <行動 > - Action
  • 동작 <動作> - Movement
  • 동사 <動詞> - Verb
  • 진동 <振動> - Vibration
  • 감동 <感動> - Strong impression
  • 변동 <變動> - Change
For more examples see: 動




동 <洞> - Village, division of a 區, cave

洞.png
  • 동사무소 <洞事務所> - The office of a dong, village office
  • 동장 <洞長> - The chief of a dong office
  • 동네 <洞―> - One's neighborhood, a village
  • 명동 <明洞> - Myeongdong (famous area in Seoul)
  • 압구정동 <狎鷗亭洞> - Apgujeong-dong (famous area in Seoul)
For more examples see: 洞




동 <東> - East

東.png
  • 동쪽 < 東쪽 > - The east
  • 동해 < 東海 > - The East Sea
  • 동남아시아 < 東南―> - Southeast Asia
  • 중동 < 中東 > - The Middle East
  • 동양 < 東洋 > - The Orient, The east
  • 동양인 < 東洋人 > - The Oriental people
  • 동양화 < 東洋畵 > - An Oriental painting
  • 동방예의지국 < 東方禮儀之國 > - The country of courteous people in the East;Korea
  • 동문서답 < 東問西答 > - An irrelevant answer, An incoherent reply
  • 동대문 < 東大門 > - The East Gate of Seoul (Dongdaemoon)
For more examples see: 東




력 <力> - Power, strength, ability (also 역)

力.png
  • 노력 < 努力 > - Effort, hard work
  • 능력 < 能力 > - Ability
  • 압력 < 壓力 > - Pressure
  • 폭력 < 暴力 > - Violence
  • 활력 < 活力 > - Vitality
  • 사고력 < 思考力 > - Thinking power
  • 잠재력 < 潛在力 > - Potential energy
  • 경제력 < 經濟力 > - Economic power
  • 동력 < 動力 > - Motive power, Dynamic force
  • 마력 < 馬力 > - Horsepower
For more examples see: 力




모 <母> - Mother

母.png
  • 부모 < 父母 > - Parents
  • 모국 < 母國 > - One's native country
  • 모국어 < 母國語 > - One's native language
  • 모자 < 母子 > - Mother and Son
  • 모녀 < 母女 > - Mother and Daughter
  • 산모 < 産母 > - A woman delivered of a child
  • 미혼모 < 未婚母 > - An unmarried mother
  • 모음 < 母音 > - A vowel
  • 모유 < 母乳 > - Mother´s milk, Breast milk
  • 계모 < 繼母 > - A stepmother
For more examples see: 母




모 <毛> - Hair, fur, wool

毛.png
  • 모발 < 毛髮 > - Hair
  • 모공 < 毛孔 > - The skin pores
  • 체모 < 體毛 > - Body hair
  • 모근 < 毛根 > - The root of hair
  • 탈모 < 脫毛 > - Falling out of hair
  • 모피 < 毛皮 > - Fur
  • 장모종 < 長毛種 > - A dog or cat which has a long hair ( terrier, golden retriever ... )
  • 단모종 < 短毛種 > - A dog or cat which has a short hair ( chihuahua, beagle, pug ...)
  • 양모 < 羊毛 > - Wool
  • 모직 < 毛織 > - Woolen fabric
For more examples see: 毛




문 <文> - Writings, sentence, literature

文.png
  • 문장 < 文章 > - Sentence
  • 문법 < 文法 > - Grammar
  • 작문 < 作文 > - Composition
  • 문화 < 文化 > - Culture
  • 논문 < 論文 > - Thesis, Paper
  • 한문 < 漢文 > - Chinese writing
  • 문맹 < 文盲 > - An illiterate person
  • 문서 < 文書 > - A document
  • 문자 < 文字 > - Letters
  • 문학 < 文學 > - Literature
For more examples see: 文




문 <門> - Door, Family, Specialty

門.png
  • 창문 < 窓門 > - Window
  • 정문 < 正門 > - Front gate
  • 남대문 < 南大門 > - The South Gate of Seoul
  • 문단속 < 門團束 > - Locking a door
  • 교문 < 校門 > - A school gate
  • 출입문 < 出入門 > - Entrance, Exit
  • 철문 < 鐵門 > - An iron door
  • 입문 < 入門 > - An introduction
  • 명문 < 名門 > - A distinguished family (명문대학교: A university of high reputation)
  • 전문 < 專門 > - A specialty
For more examples see: 門




문 <問> - To ask

問.png
  • 질문 < 質問 > - A question
  • 문제 < 問題 > - A question, A problem, Trouble
  • 문답 < 問答 > - Questions and Answers
  • 설문지 < 設問紙 > - Questionnaire
  • 의문 < 疑問 > - A doubt, A question
  • 의문사 < 疑問死 > - A mysterious death
  • 의문사 < 疑問詞 > - An interrogative
  • 고문 < 拷問 > - Torture
  • 반문(하다) < 反問 > - To ask in return
  • 문병 < 問病 > - A visit to a sick person
For more examples see: 問




미 <美> - Beauty, America

美.png
  • 미술 < 美術 > - Art
  • 미인 < 美人 > - A beautiful woman
  • 미남 < 美男 > - A hansome man
  • 각선미 < 脚線美 > - The beauty of leg lines
  • 미용실 < 美容室 > - A beauty salon
  • 미적감각 < 美的感覺 > - A sense of beauty
  • 미국 < 美國 > - America
  • 미군 < 美軍 > - The U.S. Armed Forces
  • 재미교포 < 在美僑胞 > - Korean residents in America
  • 한미 < 韓美 > - Korea and America
For more examples see: 美



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