Difference between revisions of "아/어/여 + 요"
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Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech. | Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section | + | Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section |
| − | + | ||
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 아 | |+Examples for Verb Stem + 아 | ||
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If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below. | If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. | + | Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section. |
| − | + | ||
*anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation | *anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation | ||
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| 필요하 || 필요하여 || 필요해 || 필요해(요) || 필요했어(요) | | 필요하 || 필요하여 || 필요해 || 필요해(요) || 필요했어(요) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | 행복하다 (to be happy) |
| − | | | + | | 행복하 || 행복하여 || 행복해 || 행복해(요) || 행복했어(요) |
|} | |} | ||
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*People saying 맞어 and 아퍼 | *People saying 맞어 and 아퍼 | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*Related topic or grammar | *Related topic or grammar | ||
[[Category: Grammar Pattern]] | [[Category: Grammar Pattern]] | ||
Revision as of 14:04, 5 February 2009
Using the 요 ending adds politeness. In order to make the verb or adjective informal low form, known as 반말 one can usually simply remove the 요 at the end of the word.
Contents
Conjugation Rule
why is it verbs like 내다 don't get a 어 attached to it, like it's not 내어요 , but then 쉬다 is 쉬어 right?
Verb/Adj Stem + 아
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels 오 or 아, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. Note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 verbs.
Also Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오+아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section
|+Examples for Verb Stem + 아
|-
! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! Past Tense
|-
| 가다 (to go)
| 가 || 가아 || 가 ||가(요) ||갔어(요)
|-
| 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok)
| 괜찮 || 괜찮아 || N/A || 괜찮아(요) || 괜찮았어(요)
|-
| 놀다 (to play)
| 놀 || 놀아 || N/A || 놀아(요)|| 놀았어(요)
|-
| 맞다 (to be right, correct)
| 맞 || 맞아 || N/A || 맞아(요) || 맞았어(요)
|-
| 보다 (to see)
| 보 || 보아 || 봐 || 봐(요) / 보아(요 || 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
|-
| 사다
| 사 || 사아 || 사 || 사(요) || 샀어(요)
|-
| 오다 (to come)
| 오 || 오아 || 와 || 와(요) / 오아(요) || 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
|-
| 좋다 (to like)
| 좋 || 좋아 || N/A || 좋아(요) || 좋았어(요)
|}
Verb/Adj Stem + 어
If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여. Since the non contracted form is rarely used, the 이 containing verb stems has been given it's own section and excluded from this section.
If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also Note A seperate table of examples has been created below.
Stems with 으 in them get the 으 removed and the vowel changes to a 어, i.e. 쓰다 becomes 써. Note that 르 verbs/adjectives have an irregular form. See the irregular verbs section.
- anything with v+어 +어 verbs? otherwise remove after conjucation
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 먹다 (to eat) | 먹 | 먹어 | N/A | 먹어(요) | 먹었(요) |
| 신다 (to put on shoes/socks) | 신 | 신어 | N/A | 신어(요) | 신었어(요) |
| 쓰다 (to write) | 쓰 | 쓰어 | 써 | 써(요) | 썼어(요) |
| 울다 (to cry) | 울 | 울어 | N/A | 울어(요) | 울었어(요) |
| 읽다 (to read) | 읽 | 읽어 | N/A | 읽어(요) | 읽었어(요) |
| 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) | 재미있 | 재미있어 | N/A | 재미있어(요) | 재미있었어(요) |
| 주다 (to give) | 주 | 주어 | 줘 | 줘요 / 주어(요) | 줬어(요) / 주었어(요) |
| 크다 (to be big) | 크 | 크어 | 커 | 커(요) | 컸어(요) |
| 필요없다 (to need) | 필요없 | 필요없어 | N/A | 필요없어(요) | 필요없었어(요) |
| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) | 힘들 | 힘들어 | N/A | 힘들어(요) | 힘들었어(요) |
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 내리다 (to descend) | 내리 | 내리어 | 내려 | 내려(요) | 내렸어(요) |
| 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) | 놀리 | 놀리어 | 놀려 | 놀려(요) | 놀렸어(요) |
| 떨어지다(to fall) | 떨어지 | 떨어지어 | 떨어져 | 떨어져(요) | 떨어졌어(요) |
| 먹이다 (to feed) | 먹이 | 먹이어 | 먹여 | 먹여(요) | 먹였어(요) |
| 보이다 (to be seen, visible) | 보이 | 보이어 | 보여 | 보여(요) | 보였어(요) |
| 붙이다 (to attach, stick) | 붙이 | 붙이어 | 붙여 | 붙여(요) | 붙였어(요) |
| 빠지다 (to drown) | 빠지 | 빠지어 | 빠져 | 빠져(요) | 빠졌어(요) |
| 사라지다 (to disappear) | 사라지 | 사라지어 | 사라져 | 사라져(요) | 사라졌어(요) |
| 시키다 (to order) | 시키 | 시키어 | 시켜 | 시켜(요) | 시켰어(요) |
| 웃기다 (to make a person laugh) | 웃기 | 웃기어 | 웃겨 | 웃겨(요) | 웃겨어(요) |
피다(어? or not) --> found examples using 피어 .. any rule to usage? 그리다
하다 Verbs/Adjectives
Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. THe 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. The contracted form is always used and no one uses the 하여 form, especially in colloquial speech.
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 건강하다 (to be healthy) | 건강하 | 건강하여 | 건강해 | 건강해(요) | 건강했어(요) |
| 공부하다 (to study) | 공부하 | 공부하여 | 공부해 | 공부해(요) | 공부했어(요) |
| 궁금하다 (to be curious) | 궁금하 | 궁금하여 | 궁금해 | 궁금해(요) | 궁금했어(요) |
| 설명하다 (to explain) | 설명하 | 설명하여 | 설명해 | 설명해(요) | 설명했어(요) |
| 연락하다 (to contact someone) | 연락하 | 연락하여 | 연락해 | 연락해(요) | 연락했어(요) |
| 연습하다 (to practice) | 연습하 | 연습하여 | 연습해 | 연습해(요) | 연습했어(요) |
| 예약하다 (to make a reservation) | 예약하 | 예약하여 | 예약해 | 예약해(요) | 예약했어(요) |
| 좋아하다 (to like) | 좋아하 | 좋아하여 | 좋아해 | 좋아해(요) | 좋아했어(요) |
| 필요하다 (to need) | 필요하 | 필요하여 | 필요해 | 필요해(요) | 필요했어(요) |
| 행복하다 (to be happy) | 행복하 | 행복하여 | 행복해 | 행복해(요) | 행복했어(요) |
Irregular Verbs and Adjectives
ㄷ- pg 333 ㄹ- pg 187 르- pg 414 ㅂ- pg 373 ㅅ- pg 365 으- pg 443 ㅎ- pg 343
Usage Exceptions
- People saying 맞어 and 아퍼
See Also
- Related topic or grammar
