Difference between revisions of "Adverbs"
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*분명히 - definitely, clearly, certainly | *분명히 - definitely, clearly, certainly | ||
*확실히 - definitely, surely, for sure | *확실히 - definitely, surely, for sure | ||
| − | + | *열심히 - zealously, hard (i.e. work hard) | |
Korean seldom use "천천한" so don't regard it as mechanical thing. | Korean seldom use "천천한" so don't regard it as mechanical thing. | ||
Revision as of 13:32, 18 September 2010
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In general, many adverbs, called 부사 in Korean, are created by attaching 게 to to the end of an adjective stem (A + 게). However, sometimes there is a more natural form, especially adverbs ending with the syllable 히 or (으)로. Also since Korean and English are quite different languages, some of the adverbs translated literally into English can sound awkward, for example '맛있게 먹다' means eat deliciously.
Contents
Common Adverbs Formed with Adjective + 게
Also see: A + 게
| Adjective (descriptive verb) | Meaning | Adverb form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 편하다 | to be comfortable | 편하게 | comfortably |
| 어렵다 | to be difficult | 어렵게 | difficultly |
| 자유롭다 | to be free | 자유롭게 | freely |
| 행복하다 | to be happy | 행복하게 | Happily |
| 즐겁다 | to be pleasant | 즐겁게 | pleasantly |
| 아름답다 | to be beautiful | 아름답게 | beautifully |
| 조용하다 | to be quiet | 조용하게 | quietly |
| 용기있는 | to be brave | 용기있게 | bravely |
| 편리하다 | to be convenient | 편리하게 | conveniently |
| 크다 | to be large | 크게 | largely |
| 안전하다 | to be safe | 안전하게 | safely |
| 싸다 | to be cheap | 싸게 | cheaply |
| 늦다 | to be late | 늦게 | late (adv) |
| 위험하다 | to be dangerous | 위험하게 | dangerously |
As a noun modifier, Korean Adjective has suffix "ㄴ" categories (ex: ~은, ~는). "~다" is used only for complement.
So don't say "크다 남자." That's completely wrong, though you may say "저 남자가 크다." (means "That man is big.")
Say "큰 사람" when you would like say "big,large, or tall person."
- 재미있게 - have fun doing, enjoy ~ing
- 바쁘게
- 예쁘게
- 나쁘게
- 무례하게
- 맛있게
- 밝게
- 자여스럽게 - naturally
- 가볍게 - lightly
Common Adverbs Ending with 히
| Adverb | Meaning | Derived from | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 천천히 | Slowly | N/A | slow |
| 솔직히 | Honestly, frankly | 솔직하다 | frank, honest, open |
| 우연히 | On accident, by chance | 우연하다 | accidental, happenchance |
| 특히 | Especially, particularly | 특별하다 | special |
| 확실히 | Certainly, for sure, for certain, definitely | 확실하다 | certain, sure |
| 자세히 | In detail | 자세하다 | detailed |
| 완전히 | Completely, fully, perfectly | 완전하다 | Complete, full, perfect |
- 분명히 - definitely, clearly, certainly
- 확실히 - definitely, surely, for sure
- 열심히 - zealously, hard (i.e. work hard)
Korean seldom use "천천한" so don't regard it as mechanical thing.
Some words originated from Chinese Character, like English word with Latin or Greek dervation. That's why you may have some difficulty in finding relation between "특히" & "특별한"
There's some applications of "특". "특식" - special food "특실" - special room "특차" - specially selected and uncountable applications because Chinese charcter has its own meaning and various combinations are possible.
Common Adverbs Ending with (으)로
These are often formed with nouns, sometimes in conjunction with 적 attached to the noun as well.
| Noun | Meaning | Adverb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 직접 | 직접으로 | in person | |
| 일반 | 일반적으로 | generally | |
| 자동 | 자동으로 | automatically | |
| 공식 | 공식적으로 | formally, officially | |
| 비공식 | 비공식적으로 | informally, unofficially | |
| 협동 | 협동적으로 | cooperatively | |
| 주기 | 주기적으로 | regularly | |
| 장기 | 장기적으로 | in the long term | |
| 단기 | 단기적으로 | in the short term | |
| 상식 | 상식적으로 | using commonsense, through commonsense | |
| 사적으로 | personally | ||
| 적극 | 적극적으로 | enthusiastically, actively, aggressively | |
| 획기 | 획기적으로 | innovatively | |
| 극적으로 | dramatically | ||
| 기적적으로 | miraculously | ||
| 전적으로 | completely, totally, entirely | ||
| 상대 | 상대적으로 | relatively | |
| 잠정 | 잠정적으로 | tentatively | |
| 물리 | 물리적으로 | physically | |
| 심리 | 심리적으로 | psychologically | |
| 질적으로 | qualitatively | ||
| 고질 | 고질적으로 | chronically |
Other Adverbs
- 없이 - without
- 틀림 없이 - literally 'without error' or 'without a mistake' => Certainly, sure, definitely, no matter what
- 빨리 - quickly 빠른 is quick, and 빨리 is just similar changing.
- 많이
- 일찍 - early
- 같이 - with, together 같은 means same.
If people has common mind, they could be together. That's why Korean usullay say "우리 아빠 our dad" instead of "내 아빠 my dad." Korean has more concern about concept of community, though it is changing into westernized style like invidualism.
- 따로 - separately It comes from 다른 (different) If you have different or trecherous mind where you belong to, they will separate you.
- 깊이 - deeply 깊은 is adj
- 갑자기 - suddenly 갑작스런 is adj
- 꼭 - for sure
- 반드시 - at all cost, no matter what
- 보통 - usually
- 전혀 - never
- 맨날 - every day
- 자주 - more than often 자주 is more repetive.
- 자꾸 - continously often 자꾸 is something to do with obsession. "자꾸 니 생각이나" means I can't stop thinking about you.
- 가끔 - less than sometimes 가끔 means less repetive.
- 일부러 - on purpose, deliberately
- 함부로 - carelessly, mindlessly
