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| − | This topic is covered at Talktomeinkorean.com: lesson 16
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| − | El A/V + 아/어/여es probablemente la forma más importante para aprender en coreano y es probable que el patrón de la gramática de uso más frecuente, ya que se puede utilizar como estilo informal ambiente amable e informal entre amigos y personas de igual o inferior estado (dejando caer el 요 al final). También muchos otros modelos gramaticales dependen de las reglas de conjugación básica de este modelo para formar patrones de otros gramática, véase la categoría: 아 / 어 / form 여 para otros patrones.
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| − | Contenido
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| − | [ocultar]
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| − | • 1 usos
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| − | • 2 Notas
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| − | • 3 Reglas de Conjugacion
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| − | o 3.1 Verb/Adj Stem + 아
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| − | o 3.2 Verb/Adj Stem + 어
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| − | o 3.3 여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)
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| − | • 4 Sentence Examples
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| − | • 5 Irregular Forms
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| − | • 6 Irregular Sentence Examples
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| − | • 7 Exceptions
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| − | • 8 Sentence Examples Using Commands
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| − | • 9 Grammars Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation
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| − | • 10 See Also
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| − | [editar] Usages
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| − | This basic pattern is probably the most common grammar pattern in Korean.
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| − | 1. It is used for making informal present tense sentences, adding to the end 요 makes it become the informal polite form. This can be used to convey your thoughts, a fact or fact to someone else in the present tense. This can also be used for asking a question in the present tense. When asking a question your intonation should go up slightly.
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| − | 2. This pattern can also be used to issue a command (similar to V + 아/어 + 라 but not as strong) or give a suggestion. It's best to combine the verb/adjective stem with the honorific suffix 시 to make it more polite.
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| − | 3. When combined with the words 같이 or 함께 you are inviting or suggesting to the listener to do something together.
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| − | [editar] Notes
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| − | • Not adding a 요 is very informal and called 반말, which should only be used with friends, people that are younger than you, and people who are in a lower position than you. This is, however, dependent on the situation, and so may not always be true.
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| − | • To be more polite the honorific suffix 시 is added to the verb/adjective stem in many cases.
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| − | [editar] Conjugation Rules
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| − | There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or 아 verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs. Please note that verbs/adjectives are put in the dictionary form (ending in -다, i.e. 가다), the stem is 가 (part without the 다).
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| − | [editar] Verb/Adj Stem + 아
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| − | • If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels ㅗ or ㅏ, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added.
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| − | • Please note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 adj/verbs.
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| − | • Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
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| − | • Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
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| − | Examples for Verb Stem + ㅏ
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| − | Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
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| − | 가다 (to go) 가 가아 가 가(요) 갔어(요)
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| − | 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok) 괜찮 괜찮아 N/A 괜찮아(요) 괜찮았어(요)
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| − | 놀다 (to play) 놀 놀아 N/A 놀아(요) 놀았어(요)
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| − | 맞다 (to be right, correct) 맞 맞아 N/A 맞아(요) 맞았어(요)
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| − | 보다 (to see) 보 보아 봐 봐(요) / 보아(요 봤어(요) / 보았어(요)
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| − | 사다 (to buy) 사 사아 사 사(요) 샀어(요)
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| − | 오다 (to come) 오 오아 와 와(요) / 오아(요) 왔어(요) / 오았어(요)
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| − | 좋다 (to like) 좋 좋아 N/A 좋아(요) 좋았어(요)
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| − | [editar] Verb/Adj Stem + 어
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| − | • If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.
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| − | • If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a seperate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이.
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| − | • Verbs that end in in the vowel ㅐ don't get anything conjugated to it, i.e. 내다 → 내요.
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| − | • Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
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| − | Examples for Verb Stem + ㅓ
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| − | Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
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| − | 먹다 (to eat) 먹 먹어 N/A 먹어(요) 먹었(요)
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| − | 신다 (to put on shoes/socks) 신 신어 N/A 신어(요) 신었어(요)
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| − | 쓰다 (to write) 쓰 쓰어 써 써(요) 썼어(요)
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| − | 울다 (to cry) 울 울어 N/A 울어(요) 울었어(요)
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| − | 읽다 (to read) 읽 읽어 N/A 읽어(요) 읽었어(요)
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| − | 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) 재미있 재미있어 N/A 재미있어(요) 재미있었어(요)
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| − | 주다 (to give) 주 주어 줘 줘요 / 주어(요) 줬어(요) / 주었어(요)
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| − | 크다 (to be big) 크 크어 커 커(요) 컸어(요)
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| − | 필요없다 (to need) 필요없 필요없어 N/A 필요없어(요) 필요없었어(요)
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| − | 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) 힘들 힘들어 N/A 힘들어(요) 힘들었어(요)
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| − | Examples for Verb Stem ending with ㅣ + 어
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| − | Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) Present Tense Past Tense
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| − | 내리다 (to descend) 내리 내리어 내려 내려(요) 내렸어(요)
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| − | 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) 놀리 놀리어 놀려 놀려(요) 놀렸어(요)
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| − | 떨어지다(to fall) 떨어지 떨어지어 떨어져 떨어져(요) 떨어졌어(요)
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| − | 먹이다 (to feed) 먹이 먹이어 먹여 먹여(요) 먹였어(요)
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| − | 보이다 (to be seen, visible) 보이 보이어 보여 보여(요) 보였어(요)
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| − | 붙이다 (to attach, stick) 붙이 붙이어 붙여 붙여(요) 붙였어(요)
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| − | 빠지다 (to drown) 빠지 빠지어 빠져 빠져(요) 빠졌어(요)
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| − | 사라지다 (to disappear) 사라지 사라지어 사라져 사라져(요) 사라졌어(요)
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| − | 시키다 (to order) 시키 시키어 시켜 시켜(요) 시켰어(요)
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| − | 웃기다 (to make a person laugh) 웃기 웃기어 웃겨 웃겨(요) 웃겨어(요)
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| − | [editar] 여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)
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| − | • Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category.
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| − | • The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여.
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| − | • The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations.
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| − | Examples for 하다 Verbs
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| − | Verb/Adjective Stem After Conjugation Contracted Form Present Tense Past Tense
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| − | 건강하다 (to be healthy) 건강하 건강하여 건강해 건강해(요) 건강했어(요)
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| − | 공부하다 (to study) 공부하 공부하여 공부해 공부해(요) 공부했어(요)
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| − | 궁금하다 (to be curious) 궁금하 궁금하여 궁금해 궁금해(요) 궁금했어(요)
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| − | 설명하다 (to explain) 설명하 설명하여 설명해 설명해(요) 설명했어(요)
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| − | 연락하다 (to contact someone) 연락하 연락하여 연락해 연락해(요) 연락했어(요)
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| − | 연습하다 (to practice) 연습하 연습하여 연습해 연습해(요) 연습했어(요)
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| − | 예약하다 (to make a reservation) 예약하 예약하여 예약해 예약해(요) 예약했어(요)
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| − | 좋아하다 (to like) 좋아하 좋아하여 좋아해 좋아해(요) 좋아했어(요)
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| − | 필요하다 (to need) 필요하 필요하여 필요해 필요해(요) 필요했어(요)
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| − | 행복하다 (to be happy) 행복하 행복하여 행복해 행복해(요) 행복했어(요)
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| − | [editar] Sentence Examples
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| − | Informal and informal polite present tense:
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| − | Korean English Notes
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| − | 집에 가요? Are you going home? Informal polite
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| − | 돈 있어요? Do you have money? Informal polite
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| − | 그 여자는 진짜 예뻐요. That girl is really pretty. Informal polite, 예쁘다 is an irregular ㅅ adj/verb.
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| − | 시간 있으면 점심 같이 먹어요. If you have time, let's eat lunch together. Polite informal
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| − | 이 책은 재미없어. This book is boring. Low form (반말)
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| − | 철수는 건강해요. Chul Su is healthy. Informal polite
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| − | 우리 아버지는 정말 부지런해요. My father is really diligent. Informal polite.
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| − | 우리 엄마를 사랑해. I love my mom Low form (반말)
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| − | 중간고사가 어려워요. The midterm exam is difficult. Informal polite, 어렵다 is an irregular ㅂ adj/verb.
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| − | 지금 뭐 해? What are you doing right now? Low form 반말
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| − | [editar] Irregular Forms
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| − | Many irregular conjugations exist. See:
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| − | • ㄷ irregular verbs
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| − | • ㄹ irregular verbs
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| − | • 르 irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅂ irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅅ irregular verbs
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| − | • 으 irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅎ irregular verbs
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| − | [editar] Irregular Sentence Examples
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| − | [editar] Exceptions
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| − | • Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파.
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| − | [editar] Sentence Examples Using Commands
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| − | As a command or suggestion:
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| − | Korean English Notes
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| − | 나 배고파. 빨리 시켜! I'm hungry. Hurry up and order! Low form (반말)
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| − | 야 빨리 가! Hey hurry up and leave. Low form (반말)
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| − | 물 좀 줘. Give me some water. Low form (반말)
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| − | 조용히 해. Be quiet. Low form (반말)
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| − | 앉으세요 Please sit. 앉다 + honorific suffix 시 to make it more polite.
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| − | [editar] Grammars Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation
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| − | • A/V + 아/어 주다
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| − | • V + 아/어 + 야 되다
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| − | • V + 아/어 + 야 하다
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| − | • V + 아/어 + 야 지
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| − | • A/V + 았/었 + 다
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| − | • A/V + 아/어 + 서
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| − | • A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다
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| − | • A/V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다
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| − | • V + 아/어 버리다
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| − | • V + 아/어 있다
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| − | See Category:아/어/여 form for more patterns.
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| − | [editar] See Also
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| − | • ㄷ irregular verbs
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| − | • ㄹ irregular verbs
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| − | • 르 irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅂ irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅅ irregular verbs
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| − | • 으 irregular verbs
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| − | • ㅎ irregular verbs
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