Difference between revisions of "아/어/여 + 요"

Latest revision as of 05:38, 28 November 2018

This topic is covered at Talktomeinkorean.com: lesson 16

The A/V + 아/어/여 form is probably the most important form to learn in Korean and is probably the most frequently used grammar pattern since it can be used as informal polite and informal friendly style amongst friends and people of equal or lower status (by dropping the 요 at the end). Also many other grammar patterns depend on the basic conjugation rules of this pattern to form other grammar patters, see Category:아/어/여 form for other patterns.

Usages

This basic pattern is probably the most common grammar pattern in Korean.

1. It is used for making informal present tense sentences, adding to the end 요 makes it become the informal polite form. This can be used to convey your thoughts, a fact or fact to someone else in the present tense. This can also be used for asking a question in the present tense. When asking a question your intonation should go up slightly.
2. This pattern can also be used to issue a command (similar to V + 아/어 + 라 but not as strong) or give a suggestion. It's best to combine the verb/adjective stem with the honorific suffix 시 to make it more polite.
3. When combined with the words 같이 or 함께 you are inviting or suggesting to the listener to do something together.

Notes

• Not adding a 요 is very informal and called 반말, which should only be used with friends, people that are younger than you, and people who are in a lower position than you. This is, however, dependent on the situation, and so may not always be true.
• To be more polite the honorific suffix 시 is added to the verb/adjective stem in many cases.

Conjugation Rules

There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or 아 verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs. Please note that verbs/adjectives are put in the dictionary form (ending in -다, i.e. 가다), the stem is 가 (part without the 다).

Verb/Adj Stem + 아

• If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels ㅗ or ㅏ, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added.
• Please note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 adj/verbs.
• Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
• Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.

Verb/Adj Stem + 어

• If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.
• If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a separate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이.
• Verbs that end in in the vowel ㅐ don't get anything conjugated to it, i.e. 내다 → 내요.
• Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.

여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)

• Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category.
• The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여.
• The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations.

Sentence Examples

Informal and informal polite present tense:

Irregular Forms

Many irregular conjugations exist. See:

• ㄷ irregular verbs
• ㄹ irregular verbs
• 르 irregular verbs
• ㅂ irregular verbs
• ㅅ irregular verbs
• 으 irregular verbs
• ㅎ irregular verbs

Irregular Sentence Examples

Exceptions

• Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파.

Sentence Examples Using Commands

As a command or suggestion:

Grammars Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation

• A/V + 아/어 주다
• V + 아/어 + 야 되다
• V + 아/어 + 야 하다
• V + 아/어 + 야 지
• A/V + 았/었 + 다
• A/V + 아/어 + 서
• A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다
• A/V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다
• V + 아/어 버리다
• V + 아/어 있다

See Category:아/어/여 form for more patterns.

See Also

• ㄷ irregular verbs
• ㄹ irregular verbs
• 르 irregular verbs
• ㅂ irregular verbs
• ㅅ irregular verbs
• 으 irregular verbs
• ㅎ irregular verbs
• http://youtu.be/7ZxksamsZMs

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