Difference between revisions of "Causative form"

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A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, his form is called 사동.
+
If you are looking for the complete list of 이, 히, 리, 기, 우, 구, 추 causative verbs,  
 +
look up the word "사동사" in Naver Korean-Korean Dictionary, and see the 뜻풀이 section.
 +
There are a total of 364 verbs in Standard Korean Dictionary (표준국어대사전).  
  
 +
A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.
 +
 +
See [[Passive form]] for conjugations of the causative form.
 +
 
==Forming causatives ==
 
==Forming causatives ==
 
Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.
 
Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|+이 Causative verb
 
|+이 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Comment
+
! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 먹다
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| 먹다 (to eat)
−
| 먹이다
+
| 먹이다 (to make/let someone eat , to feed)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi)
 +
 +
Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I make my dog drink water)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 죽다
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| 죽다 (to die)
−
| 죽이다
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| 죽이다 (to make/let someone die , to kill)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.)
 +
 +
Causative- 그는 사람을 죽였다. (He killed a person.)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 붙다
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| 붙다 (to stick to)
−
| 붙이다
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| 붙이다 (to make/let something stick to)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 나는 벽에 붙는다. (I stick to the wall.)
 +
 +
Causative- 나는 사진을 벽에 붙인다. (I make a picture stick to the wall.)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 끓다
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| 끓다 (to boil)
−
| 끓이다
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| 끓이다 (to make/let something boil)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.)
 +
 +
Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓인다. (I make the Kimchi-jjigae boil. / I boil the Kimchi-jjigae.)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 보다
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| 보다 (to see, to look, to watch)
−
| 보이다
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| 보이다 (to make/let someone see , to show)
 
|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.)
 +
 +
Causative- 학생이 내게 사진을 보였다. (A student showed me a photograph.)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 속다
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| 속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived)
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| 속이다
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| 속이다 (to make/let someone be fooled)
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|
+
−
|-
+
−
| 닦다
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−
| 딲이다
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|  
 
|  
 +
Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.)
 +
 +
Causative- 절대로 사람을 속이지 마라. (Never deceive a person.)
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|+히 Causative verb
 
|+히 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Comment
+
! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 익다
 
| 익다
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|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
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| 읽다
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| 읽다 (to read)
 
| 읽히다
 
| 읽히다
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 입다
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| 입다 (to wear)
 
| 입히다
 
| 입히다
 
|  
 
|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 앉다
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| 앉다 (to sit)
 
| 앉히다
 
| 앉히다
 
|  
 
|  
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|+리 Causative verb
 
|+리 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Comment
+
! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 알다
 
| 알다
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| 놀다
 
| 놀다
 
| 놀리다
 
| 놀리다
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|
 
−
|-
 
−
| 걷다
 
−
| 걸리다
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
{| class="wikitable sortable"
+
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|+기 Causative verb
 
|+기 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Comment
+
! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 벗다
 
| 벗다
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|+우 Causative verb
 
|+우 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Comment
+
! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 깨다
 
| 깨다
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|}
 
|}
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
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|-
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|+구 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
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|-
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| 돋다
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| 돋구다
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|
 +
|-
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| 일다
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| 일구다
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|
 +
|-
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| 달다
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| 달구다
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|
 +
|-
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| 솟다
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| 솟구다
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|
 +
|}
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 +
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 75%;"
 +
|-
 +
|+추 Causative verb
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! Active verb !! Causative verb !! Examples
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|-
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| 낮다
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| 낮추다
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|
 +
|-
 +
| 늦다
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| 늦추다
 +
|
 +
|-
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| 맞다
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| 맞추다
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|
 +
|-
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| 곧다
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| 곧추다
 +
|
 +
|}
  
 
==Creating causative form==
 
==Creating causative form==
−
Causative form can also created: See [[V + 게 하다]]
+
The causative form can also be created using: See [[V + 게 하다]]
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 
*[[Passive form]]
 
*[[Passive form]]
 
*[[V + 게 하다]]
 
*[[V + 게 하다]]
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[[Category:Grammar Pattern]]
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[[Category:Grammar]]
 
[[Category:Causative form]]
 
[[Category:Causative form]]

Latest revision as of 05:22, 17 February 2022

Construction.png 


If you are looking for the complete list of 이, 히, 리, 기, 우, 구, 추 causative verbs, 
look up the word "사동사" in Naver Korean-Korean Dictionary, and see the 뜻풀이 section.
There are a total of 364 verbs in Standard Korean Dictionary (표준국어대사전).

A causative form, in linguistics, (a) is an expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) is an expression of a patient involves in a non-volitional event that registers the changes of its state--salient effect, (c) is an expression of a grammatical modality in perfective (sequential) or subjenctive (hypothetical) or realis (non-hypothetical) state--perceptual salient. In Korean, this form is called 사동.

See Passive form for conjugations of the causative form.

Forming causatives

Explaining the form with subject marker, object marker, etc.

이 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
먹다 (to eat) 먹이다 (to make/let someone eat , to feed)

Active- 나는 김치를 먹는다.(I eat Kimchi)

Causative- 나는 강아지에게 물을 먹인다.(I make my dog drink water)

죽다 (to die) 죽이다 (to make/let someone die , to kill)

Active- 지진 때문에 많은 사람이 죽었다. (Many people died from the earthquake.)

Causative- 그는 사람을 죽였다. (He killed a person.)

붙다 (to stick to) 붙이다 (to make/let something stick to)

Active- 나는 벽에 붙는다. (I stick to the wall.)

Causative- 나는 사진을 벽에 붙인다. (I make a picture stick to the wall.)

끓다 (to boil) 끓이다 (to make/let something boil)

Active- 물은 100℃ 이상에서 끓는다. (Water boils in the temperature of 100℃ and over.)

Causative- 나는 김치찌개를 끓인다. (I make the Kimchi-jjigae boil. / I boil the Kimchi-jjigae.)

보다 (to see, to look, to watch) 보이다 (to make/let someone see , to show)

Active- 나는 영화를 보았다. (I saw a movie.)

Causative- 학생이 내게 사진을 보였다. (A student showed me a photograph.)

속다 (to be fooled, to be deceived) 속이다 (to make/let someone be fooled)

Active- 또다시 일기예보에게 속았다. (I am fooled by the weather forecast again.)

Causative- 절대로 사람을 속이지 마라. (Never deceive a person.)


히 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
익다 익히다
읽다 (to read) 읽히다
입다 (to wear) 입히다
앉다 (to sit) 앉히다
눕다 눕히다
맞다 맞히다


리 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
알다 알리다
울다 울리다
돌다 돌리다
살다 살리다
놀다 놀리다


기 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
벗다 벗기다
신다 신기다
웃다 웃기다
맡다 맡기다
감다 감기다
씻다 씻기다


우 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
깨다 깨우다
서다 세우다
쓰다 씌우다
자다 재우다
타다 태우다


구 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
돋다 돋구다
일다 일구다
달다 달구다
솟다 솟구다


추 Causative verb
Active verb Causative verb Examples
낮다 낮추다
늦다 늦추다
맞다 맞추다
곧다 곧추다

Creating causative form

The causative form can also be created using: See V + 게 하다

See also

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