Difference between revisions of "Important 한자"

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[[Hanja]] is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. This section will introduce to you important 한자 characters, some of them which are not beginner level characters.
 
[[Hanja]] is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. This section will introduce to you important 한자 characters, some of them which are not beginner level characters.
  
−
Please note: ― means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <[[洞]]―>. There is no Hanja character for 네, ― is not to be confused for 일 ([[一]]).
+
Please note: - means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <[[洞]]->. There is no Hanja character for 네, - is not to be confused for 일 ([[一]]).
  
 
Also note that some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce it. For example, '[[女]]', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But as you can see from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙' and North Korea doesn't follow this rule (nor do they use 한자 anymore).  
 
Also note that some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce it. For example, '[[女]]', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But as you can see from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙' and North Korea doesn't follow this rule (nor do they use 한자 anymore).  
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|-
 
|-
 
| Sunday<br>[[File:日.png|150px]]<br>일요일<br>Sun day<br>[[日]] (일) - the sun
 
| Sunday<br>[[File:日.png|150px]]<br>일요일<br>Sun day<br>[[日]] (일) - the sun
−
| Monday <br>[[File:月.png|150px]] 월요일<br>Moon day<br>[[月]] (월) - the moon
+
| Monday <br>[[File:月.png|150px]]<br>월요일<br>Moon day<br>[[月]] (월) - the moon
−
| Tuesday <br>[[File:火.png|150px]] 화요일<br>Fire day<br>[[火]] (화) - fire
+
| Tuesday <br>[[File:火.png|150px]]<br>화요일<br>Fire day<br>[[火]] (화) - fire
−
| Wednesday <br>[[File:水.png|150px]]수요일<br>Water day<br>[[水]] (수) - water
+
| Wednesday <br>[[File:水.png|150px]]<br>수요일<br>Water day<br>[[水]] (수) - water
−
| Thursday <br>[[File:木.png|150px]]목요일<br>Tree day<br>[[木]] (목) - tree
+
| Thursday <br>[[File:木.png|150px]]<br>목요일<br>Tree day<br>[[木]] (목) - tree
−
| Friday <br>[[File:金.png|150px]]금요일<br>Metal/gold day<br>[[金]] (금) - gold, metal
+
| Friday <br>[[File:金.png|150px]]<br>금요일<br>Metal/gold day<br>[[金]] (금) - gold, metal
−
| Saturday <br>[[File:土.png|150px]]토요일<br>Earth day<br>[[土]] (토) - soil, earth  
+
| Saturday <br>[[File:土.png|150px]]<br>토요일<br>Earth day<br>[[土]] (토) - soil, earth  
 
|}
 
|}
  
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*교과 <[[敎]][[科]]> - Subject
 
*교과 <[[敎]][[科]]> - Subject
 
*교과서 <[[敎]][[科]][[書]]> - Textbook (school)
 
*교과서 <[[敎]][[科]][[書]]> - Textbook (school)
−
*교무실 <[[敎]][[務]]> - Teacher's office
+
*교무실 <[[敎]][[務]][[室]]> - Teacher's office
 
*종교 <[[宗]][[敎]]> - Religion
 
*종교 <[[宗]][[敎]]> - Religion
 
*기독교 <[[基]][[督]][[敎]]> - Christianity
 
*기독교 <[[基]][[督]][[敎]]> - Christianity
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* 남동생 <[[男]][[同]][[生]]> - A younger brother
 
* 남동생 <[[男]][[同]][[生]]> - A younger brother
 
* 남학생 <[[男]][[學]][[生]]> - A boy student
 
* 남학생 <[[男]][[學]][[生]]> - A boy student
−
* 남성호르몬 <[[男]][[性]]―> - Male hormone(testosterone)
+
* 남성호르몬 <[[男]][[性]]-> - Male hormone(testosterone)
 
* 득남 <[[得]][[男]]> - Begetting a son
 
* 득남 <[[得]][[男]]> - Begetting a son
 
* 남성미 <[[男]][[性]][[美]]> - Masculine beauty
 
* 남성미 <[[男]][[性]][[美]]> - Masculine beauty
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|examples=*동사무소 <[[洞]][[事]][[務]][[所]]> - The office of a dong, village office  
 
|examples=*동사무소 <[[洞]][[事]][[務]][[所]]> - The office of a dong, village office  
 
*동장 <[[洞]][[長]]> - The chief of a dong office
 
*동장 <[[洞]][[長]]> - The chief of a dong office
−
*동네 <[[洞]]―> - One's neighborhood, a village
+
*동네 <[[洞]]-> - One's neighborhood, a village
 
*명동 <[[明]][[洞]]> - Myeongdong (famous area in Seoul)
 
*명동 <[[明]][[洞]]> - Myeongdong (famous area in Seoul)
 
*압구정동 <[[狎]][[鷗]][[亭]][[洞]]> - Apgujeong-dong (famous area in Seoul)
 
*압구정동 <[[狎]][[鷗]][[亭]][[洞]]> - Apgujeong-dong (famous area in Seoul)
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|examples=*동쪽 <[[東]][[쪽]]> - The east
 
|examples=*동쪽 <[[東]][[쪽]]> - The east
 
*동해 <[[東]][[海]]> - The East Sea  
 
*동해 <[[東]][[海]]> - The East Sea  
−
*동남아시아 <[[東]][[南―]]> - Southeast Asia   
+
*동남아시아 <[[東]][[南-]]> - Southeast Asia   
 
*중동 <[[中]][[東]]> - The Middle East
 
*중동 <[[中]][[東]]> - The Middle East
 
*동양 <[[東]][[洋]]> - The Orient, The east  
 
*동양 <[[東]][[洋]]> - The Orient, The east  
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|char = 力  
 
|char = 力  
 
|def = Power, strength, ability (also [[역]])
 
|def = Power, strength, ability (also [[역]])
−
|examples=*노력 <[[努力]]> - fffort, hard work
+
|examples=*노력 <[[努力]]> - effort, hard work
 
*능력 <[[能]][[力]]> - ability
 
*능력 <[[能]][[力]]> - ability
 
*압력 <[[壓]][[力]]> - pressure
 
*압력 <[[壓]][[力]]> - pressure

Latest revision as of 09:04, 26 August 2014

Introduction

Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation. Since a lot of Korean words are derived from Chinese, learning 한자 can be like learning prefixes, suffixes and root words. This section will introduce to you important 한자 characters, some of them which are not beginner level characters.

Please note: - means there is no Hanja character for it, i.e. 동네 <洞->. There is no Hanja character for 네, - is not to be confused for 일 (一).

Also note that some chinese characters have two ways to pronounce it. For example, '女', whch means 'female' can be pronounced as both '여' and '녀' in Korean. But as you can see from the examples, 여 is only used when it comes as the first syllable of a word, while 녀 is only used in the middle of a word or at the end. This is a special grammatical rule called '두음법칙' or '머리소리 법칙' and North Korea doesn't follow this rule (nor do they use 한자 anymore).

Days of the week

Let's start with the days of the week, since it's basic. Just focus on the characters 日, 月, 火, 水, 木, 金, and 土.

Sunday
日.png
일요일
Sun day
日 (일) - the sun 		Monday
月.png
월요일
Moon day
月 (월) - the moon 		Tuesday
火.png
화요일
Fire day
火 (화) - fire 		Wednesday
水.png
수요일
Water day
水 (수) - water 		Thursday
木.png
목요일
Tree day
木 (목) - tree 		Friday
金.png
금요일
Metal/gold day
金 (금) - gold, metal 		Saturday
土.png
토요일
Earth day
土 (토) - soil, earth

Important 한자 1

Part 1 contains 한자 characters from ㄱ to ㅁ.







강 <江> - River

江.png
  • 강 <江> - River
  • 한강 <漢江> - Han River
  • 강남 <江南> - South of the river
  • 강북 <江北> - North of the river
  • 강가 - Riverside,Riverbank
  • 강변 <江邊> - Riverside,Riverbank
  • 강변도로 <江邊道路> - Riverside road
  • 강둑 - River embankment
  • 강물 - River water
  • 강줄기 - River course
For more examples see: 江




고 <高> - High, Tall

高.png
  • 고속 <高速> - High speed
  • 고속버스 - Express bus
  • 고층 <高層> - Upper floors
  • 고층빌딩 <高層--> - Skyscraper
  • 고급 <高級> - High rank, High grade/class, Seniority
  • 최고 <最高> - Maximum, Best, Supremacy
  • 고등 <高等> - High level (grade)
  • 고등학교 <高等學校> - High school
  • 고등학생 <高等學生> - High school student
  • 고혈압 <高血壓> - High blood pressure
For more examples see: 高




과 <科> - Section, Department, Science

科.png
  • 치과 <齒科> - Dentist office, Dentistry
  • 안과 <眼科> - Ophthalmology
  • 정형외과 <整形外科> - Orthopedics
  • 과목 <科目> - Subject, Lesson
  • 학과 <學科> - School subject, Lesson
  • 교과서 <敎科書> - Textbook, Schoolbook
  • 영문학과 <英文學科> - The English literature department
  • 컴퓨터공학과 <---工學科> - The computer engineering department
  • 과학 <科學> - Science
  • 과학자 <科學者> - Scientist
For more examples see: 科




교 <敎> - Teach, faith, religion

敎.png
For more examples see: 敎




교 <校> - School

校.png
  • 학교 <學校> - School
  • 초등학교 <初等學校> - Elementary school
  • 모교 <母校> - Alma mater
  • 등교 <登校> - Attending school
  • 교문 <校門> - School gate
  • 교가 <校歌> - School song
  • 교정 <校庭> - The campus
  • 교복 <校服> - School uniform
  • 교훈 <校訓> - Motto for school discipline
  • 교장 <校長> - Principal, Head a school
For more examples see: 校




구 <區> - District, ward , area

區.png
  • 강남구 <江南區> - Gangnam district
  • 성북구 <城北區> - Sungbuk district
  • 구청 <區廳> - District office
  • 구민 <區民> - The inhabitants of a district
  • 구분 <區分> - A division, A section
  • 구역 <區域> - A zone, A district
  • 구획 <區劃> - A section, A division
  • 구별 <區別> - Distinction, Classification
  • 구간 <區間> - A section, A block
  • 지역구 <地域區> - Local constituencies(electorates)
For more examples see: 區




구 <口> - Entrance, gate, mouth, open end

口.png
For more examples see: 口




국 <國> - Nation, country

國.png
  • 국민 <國民> - A nation, the nation, a people the people
  • 외국 <外國> - A foreign country
  • 한국 <韓國> - Korea
  • 미국 <美國> - The United States
  • 중국 <中國> - China
  • 국화 <國花> - National Flower
  • 국회 <國會> - The National Assembly
  • 국민 연금 <國民年金> - National pension
  • 국가 <國歌> - National anthem
  • 국보 <國寶> - National treasure(heirloom)
For more examples see: 國




남 <南> - South

南.png
  • 강남 <江南> - south of the river
  • 경상남도 <慶尙南道> - south 경상 province
  • 전라남도<全羅南道> - south 전라 province
  • 충청남도 <忠淸南道> - south 충청 province
  • 남한 <南韓> - south Korea
  • 남대문 <南大門> - the South Gate of Seoul (Namdaemoon)
  • 남산 <南山> - the South Mountain of Seoul (Namsan)
  • 남극 <南極> - the South Pole
  • 남해 <南海> - the southern sea
  • 남향 <南向> - a southern exposure
  • 남풍 <南風> - the south wind
  • 남미 <南美> - South America
For more examples see: 南




남 <男> - Male

男.png
  • 남자 <男子> - Man, Male
  • 남편 <男便> - Husband
  • 장남 <長男> - The oldest son
  • 차남 <次男> - One´s second son
  • 처남 <妻男> - A one's brother-in-law
  • 남동생 <男同生> - A younger brother
  • 남학생 <男學生> - A boy student
  • 남성호르몬 <男性-> - Male hormone(testosterone)
  • 득남 <得男> - Begetting a son
  • 남성미 <男性美> - Masculine beauty
For more examples see: 男




녀 <女> - Female (also 여)

女.png
  • 여자 <女子> - Woman, Female
  • 장녀 <長女> - The oldest daughter
  • 여학생 <女學生> - A girl student
  • 여군 <女軍> - A woman soldier
  • 남녀평등 <男女平等> - The equality of the sexes
  • 여동생 <女同生> - A younger sister
  • 해녀 <海女> - A woman diver for gathering seafoods
  • 소녀 <少女> - A young girl
  • 득녀 <得女> - Begetting a daughter
  • 여성미 <女性美> - The feminine beauty
For more examples see: 女




년 <年> - Year (also 연)

年.png
For more examples see: 年




대 <大> - Big, large

大.png
For more examples see: 大




도 <道> - Road, Morality

道.png
  • 도로 <道路> - Road, Way
  • 철도 <鐵道> - Railroad, Railway
  • 횡단보도 <橫斷步道> - Crosswalk
  • 인도 <人道> - Sidewalk, Footpath
  • 복도 <複道> - Hallway
  • 도덕 <道德> - Morality, Ethics
  • 효도 <孝道> - Filial piety
  • 태권도 <跆拳道> - Taekwondo (the Korean art of self-defense)
  • 도리 <道理> - Truth, Justice
  • 불도 <佛道> - Buddhism, The teachings of Buddha
For more examples see: 道




동 <同> - The same

同.png
  • 동일 <同一> - Sameness, Oneness
  • 동료 <同僚> - A co-worker, A colleague
  • 동호회 <同好會> - A club
  • 동감(하다) <同感> - The same feeling, To feel the same way
  • 동의하다 <同意> - To agree with a person
  • 동의어 <同義語> - A synonym
  • 동시 <同時> - The same time
  • 동생 <同生> - A younger brother/sister
  • 공동 <共同> - Association
  • 동고동락(하다) <同苦同樂> - To share one´s joys and sorrows with someone
For more examples see: 同




동 <動> - Be moving, be in motion

動.png
For more examples see: 動




동 <洞> - Village, division of a 구(區), cave

洞.png
  • 동사무소 <洞事務所> - The office of a dong, village office
  • 동장 <洞長> - The chief of a dong office
  • 동네 <洞-> - One's neighborhood, a village
  • 명동 <明洞> - Myeongdong (famous area in Seoul)
  • 압구정동 <狎鷗亭洞> - Apgujeong-dong (famous area in Seoul)
For more examples see: 洞




동 <東> - East

東.png
  • 동쪽 <東쪽> - The east
  • 동해 <東海> - The East Sea
  • 동남아시아 <東南-> - Southeast Asia
  • 중동 <中東> - The Middle East
  • 동양 <東洋> - The Orient, The east
  • 동양인 <東洋人> - The Oriental people
  • 동양화 <東洋畵> - An Oriental painting
  • 동방예의지국 <東方禮儀之國> - The country of courteous people in the East;Korea
  • 동문서답 <東問西答> - An irrelevant answer, An incoherent reply
  • 동대문 <東大門> - The East Gate of Seoul (Dongdaemoon)
For more examples see: 東




력 <力> - Power, strength, ability (also 역)

力.png
  • 노력 <努力> - effort, hard work
  • 능력 <能力> - ability
  • 압력 <壓力> - pressure
  • 폭력 <暴力> - violence
  • 활력 <活力> - vitality
  • 체력 <體力> - physical strength, stamina
  • 사고력 <思考力> - thinking power
  • 잠재력 <潛在力> - potential energy
  • 경제력 <經濟力> - economic power
  • 동력 <動力> - motive power, Dynamic force
  • 마력 <馬力> - horsepower
For more examples see: 力




모 <母> - Mother

母.png
  • 부모 <父母> - Parents
  • 모국 <母國> - One's native country
  • 모국어 <母國語> - One's native language
  • 모자 <母子> - Mother and Son
  • 모녀 <母女> - Mother and Daughter
  • 산모 <産母> - A woman delivered of a child
  • 미혼모 <未婚母> - An unmarried mother
  • 모음 <母音> - A vowel
  • 모유 <母乳> - Mother´s milk, Breast milk
  • 계모 <繼母> - A stepmother
For more examples see: 母




모 <毛> - Hair, fur, wool

毛.png
  • 모발 <毛髮> - Hair
  • 모공 <毛孔> - The skin pores
  • 체모 <體毛> - Body hair
  • 모근 <毛根> - The root of hair
  • 탈모 <脫毛> - Falling out of hair
  • 모피 <毛皮> - Fur
  • 장모종 <長毛種> - A dog or cat which has a long hair ( terrier, golden retriever ... )
  • 단모종 <短毛種> - A dog or cat which has a short hair ( chihuahua, beagle, pug ...)
  • 양모 <羊毛> - Wool
  • 모직 <毛織> - Woolen fabric
For more examples see: 毛




문 <文> - Writings, sentence, literature

文.png
For more examples see: 文




문 <門> - Door, Family, Specialty

門.png
  • 창문 <窓門> - Window
  • 정문 <正門> - Front gate
  • 남대문 <南大門> - The South Gate of Seoul
  • 문단속 <門團束> - Locking a door
  • 교문 <校門> - A school gate
  • 출입문 <出入門> - Entrance, Exit
  • 철문 <鐵門> - An iron door
  • 입문 <入門> - An introduction
  • 명문 <名門> - A distinguished family (명문대학교: A university of high reputation)
  • 전문 <專門> - A specialty
For more examples see: 門




문 <問> - To ask

問.png
  • 질문 <質問> - A question
  • 문제 <問題> - A question, A problem, Trouble
  • 문답 <問答> - Questions and Answers
  • 설문지 <設問紙> - Questionnaire
  • 의문 <疑問> - A doubt, A question
  • 의문사 <疑問死> - A mysterious death
  • 의문사 <疑問詞> - An interrogative
  • 고문 <拷問> - Torture
  • 반문(하다) <反問> - To ask in return
  • 문병 <問病> - A visit to a sick person
For more examples see: 問




미 <美> - Beauty, America

美.png
For more examples see: 美



Next.png
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