Difference between revisions of "ㄹ irregular verbs"

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Verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular. Some examples of include 알다, 살다, 열다 and 팔다. These verbs/adjectives don't follow normal conjugation rules required for [[받침]] containing stems, and instead follow the [[conjugation rules]] of non [[받침]] verbs. Also if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ in the stem disappears.
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All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ [[받침]] are irregular.  
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They conjugate like verbs without [[받침]] stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.
  
 
==Explanation==
 
==Explanation==
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Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a [[받침]] follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include [[A/V + (으)면]], [[A/V + (으)니까]]. So for example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.
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Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]].  
  
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However, when ㄹ is the [[받침]], the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no [[받침]].
  
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[[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
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For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으).  It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침.  E.g. 팔면, 살면.
  
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For example the verb 먹다 has a [[받침]], so if combined with, say this grammar pattern: [[A/V + (으)면]], it will use A/V + 으면 since it has a [[받침]] and it will be conjugated as 먹으면. However verb/adjectives whose stem ends with ㄹ [[받침]] do not follow these rules like the rest of the consonants.
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Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ [[받침]] is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears.  
  
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For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔으세요 or 팔세요.
  
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If these ㄹ verbs are followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears.
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===Step by Step Example 1===
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*show image
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)면]]
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|-
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!  !! Pattern !! Case
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|-
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! Rule 1: || 면 || If there is no [[받침]]
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|-
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! Rule 2: || 으면 || If there is a [[받침]] 
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|}
  
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)면]]
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|-
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! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
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|-
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| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?
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| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
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|-
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| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
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| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
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|-
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| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 
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| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면
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|}
  
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also cases like 로, 면
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===Step by Step Example 2===
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ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+Grammar: [[A/V + (으)니까]]
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|-
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!  !! Pattern !! Case
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|-
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! Rule 1: || 니까 || If there is no [[받침]]
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|-
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! Rule 2: || 으니까 || If there is a [[받침]] 
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|}
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)니까]]
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|-
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! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
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|-
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| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?</div>
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| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
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|-
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| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule</div>
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| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
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|-
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| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule</div> 
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| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까
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|-
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| <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">Step 4: Fix conflict</div>
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| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까<br> because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step.
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|}
  
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seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데
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==More Examples==
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Below is a table of various conjugation examples.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
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|+Examples for ㄹ Irregular Verbs/Adjectives
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|+Conjugation Examples
 
|-
 
|-
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! Verb/Adjective !! + Grammar Pattern !! Result !! Comment
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! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
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! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A + 군요]] / [[V + 는군요]] !! [[A/V + 니]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 길다 (to be long)
 
| 길다 (to be long)
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|   ||  ||  
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| 깁니다 || 길어요 || 길었어요 || 길 거예요 || 기니까 || 길면 || 길군요 || 기니 ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 놀다 (to play, hang out)
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| 놀다 (to play)
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| [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]]|| 놀아 || No conflicts, regular form
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| 놉니다 || 놀아요  || 놀았어요 || 놀 거예요 || 노니까 || 놀면 || 노는군요 || 노니 || 노세요
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 들다 (to carry)
 
| 들다 (to carry)
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| ||  ||  
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| 듭니다 || 들어요 || 들었어요 || 들 거예요 || 드니까 || 들면|| 드는군요 || 드니 || 드세요
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 만들다 (to make)
 
| 만들다 (to make)
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| [[A/V + ㅂ니다 / 습니다]] || 만듭니다  || explain (??)
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| 만듭니다 || 만들어요 || 만들었어요 || 만들 거예요 || 만드니까 || 만들면|| 만드는군요 || 만드니 || 만드세요
 
|-
 
|-
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| 말다 (Don't ~)
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| 멀다 (to be far)
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| [[V + 지 말다]] + [[세요]] || V + 지 마세요 || ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears. Note in this example 말다 is part of the grammar pattern.
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| 멉니다 || 멀어요 || 멀었어요 || 멀 거예요 || 머니까 || 멀면 || 멀군요 || 머니 ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 살다 (to live)
 
| 살다 (to live)
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| [[A/V + (으)면]] || 살면 || ㄹ [[받침]]s doesn't follow the normal rules, so just gets 면 appended to it
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| 삽니다 || 살아요 || 살았어요 || 살 거예요 || 사니까 || 살면 || 사는군요 || 사니 || 사세요
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 알다 (to know)
 
| 알다 (to know)
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| || ||  
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| 압니다 || 알아요 || 알았어요 || 알 거예요|| 아니까|| 알면 || 아는군요 || 아니 || 아세요
 
|-
 
|-
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| 열다 (to open)
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| 열다 (to open, unlock)
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| || ||  
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| 엽니다 || 열어요 || 열었어요 || 열 거예요|| 여니까|| 열면 || 여는군요 || 여니 || 여세요
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 울다 (to cry)
 
| 울다 (to cry)
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| [[A/V + 니]] || 우니 || ㄹ collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears
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| 웁니다 || 울어요 || 울었어요 || 울 거예요|| 우니까|| 울면 || 우는군요 || 우니 || 우세요
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 팔다 (to sell)
 
| 팔다 (to sell)
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| [[V + 세요]]  || 파세요 || ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears
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| 팝니다 || 팔아요 || 팔았어요 || 팔 거예요|| 파니까|| 팔면 || 파는군요 || 파니 ||파세요
 
|-
 
|-
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| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring)
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| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring)
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| [[A/V + (으)니까]]  || 힘드니까 || ㄹ can't be used with (으) in this case and also collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears
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| 힘듭니다 || 힘들어요 || 힘들었어요 || 힘들 거예요 || 힘드니까 || 힘들면 || 힘들군요 || 힘드니 ||
 
|}
 
|}
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[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]]
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[[Category:Grammar]]

Latest revision as of 01:38, 20 November 2012

All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular.

They conjugate like verbs without 받침 stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.

Explanation

Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a 받침. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as A/V + (으)면 and A/V + (으)니까.

However, when ㄹ is the 받침, the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no 받침.

For example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면.

Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ 받침 is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears.

For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔으세요 or 팔세요.

Step by Step Example 1

Grammar: A/V + (으)면
Pattern Case
Rule 1: 면 If there is no 받침
Rule 2: 으면 If there is a 받침
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V + (으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

Step by Step Example 2

Grammar: A/V + (으)니까
Pattern Case
Rule 1: 니까 If there is no 받침
Rule 2: 으니까 If there is a 받침
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V + (으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem?
 No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
 Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule
 가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict
 No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까
because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

More Examples

Below is a table of various conjugation examples.

Conjugation Examples
Verb/Adj A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 A/V + 아/어/여 + 요 A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요 A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 A/V + (으)니까 A/V + (으)면 A + 군요 / V + 는군요 A/V + 니 V + (으)세요
길다 (to be long) 깁니다 길어요 길었어요 길 거예요 기니까 길면 길군요 기니
놀다 (to play) 놉니다 놀아요 놀았어요 놀 거예요 노니까 놀면 노는군요 노니 노세요
들다 (to carry) 듭니다 들어요 들었어요 들 거예요 드니까 들면 드는군요 드니 드세요
만들다 (to make) 만듭니다 만들어요 만들었어요 만들 거예요 만드니까 만들면 만드는군요 만드니 만드세요
멀다 (to be far) 멉니다 멀어요 멀었어요 멀 거예요 머니까 멀면 멀군요 머니
살다 (to live) 삽니다 살아요 살았어요 살 거예요 사니까 살면 사는군요 사니 사세요
알다 (to know) 압니다 알아요 알았어요 알 거예요 아니까 알면 아는군요 아니 아세요
열다 (to open, unlock) 엽니다 열어요 열었어요 열 거예요 여니까 열면 여는군요 여니 여세요
울다 (to cry) 웁니다 울어요 울었어요 울 거예요 우니까 울면 우는군요 우니 우세요
팔다 (to sell) 팝니다 팔아요 팔았어요 팔 거예요 파니까 팔면 파는군요 파니 파세요
힘들다 (to difficult, tiring) 힘듭니다 힘들어요 힘들었어요 힘들 거예요 힘드니까 힘들면 힘들군요 힘드니
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