Difference between revisions of "ㄹ irregular verbs"
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Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]]. | Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a [[받침]]. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as [[A/V + (으)면]] and [[A/V + (으)니까]]. | ||
| − | However, when the [[받침]] | + | However, when ㄹ is the [[받침]], the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no [[받침]]. |
For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면. | For example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
| − | |+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V+(으)니까]] | + | |+Example of the Process for Conjugating [[A/V + (으)니까]] |
|- | |- | ||
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know) | ! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know) | ||
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[[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]] | [[Category:Irregular verbs|Irregular ㄹ verbs]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:38, 20 November 2012
All verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular.
They conjugate like verbs without 받침 stem endings, and the ㄹ disappears if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ.
Explanation
Many Korean grammar patterns conjugate differently depending on whether the stem ends with or without a 받침. In this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, such as A/V + (으)면 and A/V + (으)니까.
However, when ㄹ is the 받침, the conjugation follows the same pattern as the stems with no 받침.
For example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules: if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. But if ㄹ is the 받침, it does not take (으). It follows the same grammar pattern as the stems with no 받침. E.g. 팔면, 살면.
Furthermore, whenever the ㄹ 받침 is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, the ㄹ disappears.
For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔으세요 or 팔세요.
Step by Step Example 1
| Pattern | Case | |
|---|---|---|
| Rule 1: | 면 | If there is no 받침 |
| Rule 2: | 으면 | If there is a 받침 |
| Step # | 가다 (to go) | 먹다 (to eat) | 알다 (to know) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? | No | Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ | Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case) |
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule | Use rule 1: A/V + 면 |
Use rule 2: A/V + 으면 |
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면 |
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule | 가면 | 먹으면 | 알면 |
Step by Step Example 2
| Pattern | Case | |
|---|---|---|
| Rule 1: | 니까 | If there is no 받침 |
| Rule 2: | 으니까 | If there is a 받침 |
| Step # | 가다 (to go) | 먹다 (to eat) | 알다 (to know) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem?
|
No | Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ | Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case) |
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
|
Use rule 1: A/V + 니까 |
Use rule 2: A/V + 으니까 |
It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까 |
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule
|
가니까 | 먹으니까 | 알니까 |
| Step 4: Fix conflict
|
No conflict(regular verb) | No conflict(regular verb) | The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step. |
More Examples
Below is a table of various conjugation examples.
| Verb/Adj | A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 | A/V + 아/어/여 + 요 | A/V + 았 / 었 + 어요 | A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 | A/V + (으)니까 | A/V + (으)면 | A + 군요 / V + 는군요 | A/V + 니 | V + (으)세요 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 길다 (to be long) | 깁니다 | 길어요 | 길었어요 | 길 거예요 | 기니까 | 길면 | 길군요 | 기니 | |
| 놀다 (to play) | 놉니다 | 놀아요 | 놀았어요 | 놀 거예요 | 노니까 | 놀면 | 노는군요 | 노니 | 노세요 |
| 들다 (to carry) | 듭니다 | 들어요 | 들었어요 | 들 거예요 | 드니까 | 들면 | 드는군요 | 드니 | 드세요 |
| 만들다 (to make) | 만듭니다 | 만들어요 | 만들었어요 | 만들 거예요 | 만드니까 | 만들면 | 만드는군요 | 만드니 | 만드세요 |
| 멀다 (to be far) | 멉니다 | 멀어요 | 멀었어요 | 멀 거예요 | 머니까 | 멀면 | 멀군요 | 머니 | |
| 살다 (to live) | 삽니다 | 살아요 | 살았어요 | 살 거예요 | 사니까 | 살면 | 사는군요 | 사니 | 사세요 |
| 알다 (to know) | 압니다 | 알아요 | 알았어요 | 알 거예요 | 아니까 | 알면 | 아는군요 | 아니 | 아세요 |
| 열다 (to open, unlock) | 엽니다 | 열어요 | 열었어요 | 열 거예요 | 여니까 | 열면 | 여는군요 | 여니 | 여세요 |
| 울다 (to cry) | 웁니다 | 울어요 | 울었어요 | 울 거예요 | 우니까 | 울면 | 우는군요 | 우니 | 우세요 |
| 팔다 (to sell) | 팝니다 | 팔아요 | 팔았어요 | 팔 거예요 | 파니까 | 팔면 | 파는군요 | 파니 | 파세요 |
| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring) | 힘듭니다 | 힘들어요 | 힘들었어요 | 힘들 거예요 | 힘드니까 | 힘들면 | 힘들군요 | 힘드니 |
