Difference between revisions of "아/es"
From Korean Wiki Project
(Created page with 'This topic is covered at Talktomeinkorean.com: lesson 16 El A/V + 아/어/여es probablemente la forma más importante para aprender en coreano y es probable que el patrón de la...') |
|||
| (One intermediate revision by one user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | This topic is covered at Talktomeinkorean.com: | + | [[File:TTMIK.png|right|thumb|link=http://www.talktomeinkorean.com/lessons/level-1-lesson-16/|This topic is covered at Talktomeinkorean.com: [http://www.talktomeinkorean.com/lessons/level-1-lesson-16/ lesson 16]]] |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | La forma gramatical '''A/V + 아/어/여''' es una de las más importantes del coreano y es probablemente la más utilizada, ya que puede usarse como forma formal educada e informal entre amigos y personas de igual o menor estrato (dejando de lado el 요 al final). Muchas otras formas gramaticales dependen de las reglas básicas de conjugación de esta: ver [[:Category:아/어/여 form | esta página]]. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [ | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | <!--Can also be a command--> | |
| − | + | ==Usos== | |
| − | + | Esta forma gramatical es probablemente la más común en el coreano. | |
| − | + | #Se usa para oraciones en presente informal, y agregar 요 al final las convierte en informal educado. Esto se puede usar para | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | This basic pattern is probably the most common grammar pattern in Korean. | |
| − | + | #It is used for making informal present tense sentences, adding to the end 요 makes it become the informal polite form. This can be used to convey your thoughts, a fact or fact to someone else in the present tense. This can also be used for asking a question in the present tense. When asking a question your intonation should go up slightly. | |
| − | + | #This pattern can also be used to issue a command (similar to [[V + 아/어 + 라]] but not as strong) or give a suggestion. It's best to combine the verb/adjective stem with the honorific suffix [[시]] to make it more polite. <!--is 라 a stronger command?--> | |
| − | + | #When combined with the words 같이 or 함께 you are inviting or suggesting to the listener to do something together. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [ | + | ==Notes== |
| − | + | *Not adding a 요 is very informal and called [[반말]], which should only be used with friends, people that are younger than you, and people who are in a lower position than you. This is, however, dependent on the situation, and so may not always be true. | |
| − | + | *To be more polite the honorific suffix [[시]] is added to the verb/adjective stem in many cases. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ==Conjugation Rules== | |
| − | + | There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or 아 verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs. Please note that verbs/adjectives are put in the dictionary form (ending in -다, i.e. 가다), the stem is 가 (part without the 다). | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ===Verb/Adj Stem + 아=== | |
| − | + | *If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels ㅗ or ㅏ, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no [[받침]] like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added. | |
| + | *Please note '''this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs''', see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)|section below]] for 하다 adj/verbs. | ||
| + | *Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech. | ||
| + | *Irregular verbs do exist, see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#Irregular Forms|irregular verbs section]] below for more details. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
| + | |+Examples for Verb Stem + ㅏ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 가다 (to go) | ||
| + | | 가 || 가아 || 가 ||가(요) ||갔어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok) | ||
| + | | 괜찮 || 괜찮아 || N/A || 괜찮아(요) || 괜찮았어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 놀다 (to play) | ||
| + | | 놀 || 놀아 || N/A || 놀아(요)|| 놀았어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 맞다 (to be right, correct) | ||
| + | | 맞 || 맞아 || N/A || 맞아(요) || 맞았어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 보다 (to see) | ||
| + | | 보 || 보아 || 봐 || 봐(요) / 보아(요 || 봤어(요) / 보았어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 사다 (to buy) | ||
| + | | 사 || 사아 || 사 || 사(요) || 샀어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 오다 (to come) | ||
| + | | 오 || 오아 || 와 || 와(요) / 오아(요) || 왔어(요) / 오았어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 좋다 (to like) | ||
| + | | 좋 || 좋아 || N/A || 좋아(요) || 좋았어(요) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | ===Verb/Adj Stem + 어=== | |
| − | + | *If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여. | |
| − | + | *If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no [[받침]], i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a separate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이. | |
| + | *Verbs that end in in the vowel ㅐ don't get anything conjugated to it, i.e. 내다 → 내요. <!-- anyone know the reason? --> | ||
| + | *Irregular verbs do exist, see the [[A/V + 아/어/여 + 요#Irregular Forms|irregular verbs section]] below for more details. | ||
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |
| + | |+Examples for Verb Stem + ㅓ | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 먹다 (to eat) | ||
| + | | 먹|| 먹어 || N/A || 먹어(요) ||먹었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 신다 (to put on shoes/socks) | ||
| + | | 신 || 신어 || N/A || 신어(요) || 신었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 쓰다 (to write) | ||
| + | | 쓰 || 쓰어 || 써 || 써(요)|| 썼어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 울다 (to cry) | ||
| + | | 울 || 울어 || N/A || 울어(요) || 울었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 읽다 (to read) | ||
| + | | 읽 || 읽어 || N/A || 읽어(요) || 읽었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) | ||
| + | | 재미있 || 재미있어 || N/A || 재미있어(요) || 재미있었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 주다 (to give) | ||
| + | | 주 || 주어 || 줘 || 줘요 / 주어(요) || 줬어(요) / 주었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 크다 (to be big) | ||
| + | | 크 || 크어 || 커 || 커(요) || 컸어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 필요없다 (to be unnecessary) | ||
| + | | 필요없 || 필요없어 || N/A || 필요없어(요) || 필요없었어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) | ||
| + | | 힘들 || 힘들어 || N/A || 힘들어(요) || 힘들었어(요) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
| + | |+Examples for Verb Stem ending with ㅣ + 어 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 내리다 (to descend) | ||
| + | | 내리|| 내리어 || 내려 || 내려(요) ||내렸어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) | ||
| + | | 놀리 || 놀리어 || 놀려 || 놀려(요) || 놀렸어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 떨어지다(to fall) | ||
| + | | 떨어지 || 떨어지어 || 떨어져 || 떨어져(요)|| 떨어졌어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 먹이다 (to feed) | ||
| + | | 먹이 || 먹이어 || 먹여 || 먹여(요) || 먹였어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 보이다 (to be seen, visible) | ||
| + | | 보이 || 보이어 || 보여 || 보여(요) || 보였어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 붙이다 (to attach, stick) | ||
| + | | 붙이 || 붙이어 || 붙여 || 붙여(요) || 붙였어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 빠지다 (to drown) | ||
| + | | 빠지 || 빠지어 || 빠져 || 빠져(요) || 빠졌어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 사라지다 (to disappear) | ||
| + | | 사라지 || 사라지어 || 사라져 || 사라져(요) || 사라졌어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 시키다 (to order) | ||
| + | | 시키 || 시키어 || 시켜 || 시켜(요) || 시켰어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 웃기다 (to make a person laugh) | ||
| + | | 웃기 || 웃기어 || 웃겨 || 웃겨(요) || 웃겼어(요) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | ===여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)=== | |
| − | + | *Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category. | |
| − | + | *The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여. | |
| − | + | *The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |
| − | [ | + | |+Examples for 하다 Verbs |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | ! Verb/Adjective !! Stem !! After Conjugation !! Contracted Form !! Present Tense !! [[Past Tense]] | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | 건강하다 (to be healthy) | |
| − | + | | 건강하|| 건강하여 || 건강해 || 건강해(요) ||건강했어(요) | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 공부하다 (to study) | ||
| + | | 공부하 || 공부하여 || 공부해 || 공부해(요) || 공부했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 궁금하다 (to be curious) | ||
| + | | 궁금하 || 궁금하여 || 궁금해 || 궁금해(요)|| 궁금했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 설명하다 (to explain) | ||
| + | | 설명하 || 설명하여 || 설명해 || 설명해(요) || 설명했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 연락하다 (to contact someone) | ||
| + | | 연락하 || 연락하여 || 연락해 || 연락해(요) || 연락했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 연습하다 (to practice) | ||
| + | | 연습하 || 연습하여 || 연습해 || 연습해(요) || 연습했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 예약하다 (to make a reservation) | ||
| + | | 예약하 || 예약하여 || 예약해 || 예약해(요) || 예약했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 좋아하다 (to like) | ||
| + | | 좋아하 || 좋아하여 || 좋아해 || 좋아해(요) || 좋아했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 필요하다 (to need) | ||
| + | | 필요하 || 필요하여 || 필요해 || 필요해(요) || 필요했어(요) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 행복하다 (to be happy) | ||
| + | | 행복하 || 행복하여 || 행복해 || 행복해(요) || 행복했어(요) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | ==Sentence Examples== | |
| + | Informal and informal polite present tense: | ||
| + | {{Example table | ||
| + | |Korex1 = 집에 가요? | ||
| + | |Engex1 =Are you going home? | ||
| + | |Comment1 =Informal polite | ||
| + | |Korex2 =돈 있어요? | ||
| + | |Engex2 =Do you have money? | ||
| + | |Comment2 =Informal polite | ||
| + | |Korex3 =그 여자는 진짜 예뻐요. | ||
| + | |Engex3 =That girl is really pretty. | ||
| + | |Comment3 =Informal polite, 예쁘다 is an [[ㅅ irregular verbs|irregular ㅅ adj/verb]]. | ||
| + | |Korex4 =시간 있으면 점심 같이 먹어요. | ||
| + | |Engex4 =If you have time, let's eat lunch together. | ||
| + | |Comment4 =Polite informal | ||
| + | |Korex5 = 이 책은 재미없어. | ||
| + | |Engex5 =This book is boring. | ||
| + | |Comment5 =Low form ([[반말]]) | ||
| + | |Korex6 =철수는 건강해요. | ||
| + | |Engex6 =Chul Su is healthy. | ||
| + | |Comment6 =Informal polite | ||
| + | |Korex7 = 우리 아버지는 정말 부지런해요. | ||
| + | |Engex7 = My father is really diligent. | ||
| + | |Comment7 =Informal polite. | ||
| + | |Korex8 =우리 엄마를 사랑해. | ||
| + | |Engex8 =I love my mom | ||
| + | |Comment8 =Low form ([[반말]]) | ||
| + | |Korex9 =중간고사가 어려워요. | ||
| + | |Engex9 =The midterm exam is difficult. | ||
| + | |Comment9 =Informal polite, 어렵다 is an [[ㅂ irregular verbs|irregular ㅂ adj/verb]]. | ||
| + | |Korex10 =지금 뭐 해? | ||
| + | |Engex10 =What are you doing right now? | ||
| + | |Comment10 =Low form [[반말]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | + | ==Irregular Forms== | |
| + | Many irregular conjugations exist. See: | ||
| + | *[[ㄷ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㄹ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[르 irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅂ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅅ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[으 irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅎ irregular verbs]] | ||
| − | + | <!--ㅅ- pg 365 | |
| + | 으- pg 443 | ||
| + | ㅎ- pg 343--> | ||
| − | + | ==Irregular Sentence Examples== | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [ | + | ==Exceptions== |
| − | + | *Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ==Sentence Examples Using Commands== | |
| − | + | As a command or suggestion: | |
| − | + | {{Example table | |
| − | + | |Korex1 =나 배고파. 빨리 시켜! | |
| − | + | |Engex1 =I'm hungry. Hurry up and order! | |
| − | + | |Comment1 =Low form ([[반말]]) | |
| − | + | |Korex2 =야 빨리 가! | |
| − | + | |Engex2 =Hey hurry up and leave. | |
| − | See Category:아/어/여 form for more patterns. | + | |Comment2 =Low form ([[반말]]) |
| − | + | |Korex3 =물 좀 줘. | |
| − | + | |Engex3 =Give me some water. | |
| − | + | |Comment3 =Low form ([[반말]]) | |
| − | + | |Korex4 =조용히 해. | |
| − | + | |Engex4 =Be quiet. | |
| − | + | |Comment4 =Low form ([[반말]]) | |
| − | + | |Korex5 =앉으세요 | |
| − | + | |Engex5 =Please sit. | |
| + | |Comment5 =앉다 + honorific suffix [[시]] to make it more polite. | ||
| + | |Korex6 = | ||
| + | |Engex6 = | ||
| + | |Comment6 = | ||
| + | |Korex7 = | ||
| + | |Engex7 = | ||
| + | |Comment7 = | ||
| + | |Korex8 = | ||
| + | |Engex8 = | ||
| + | |Comment8 = | ||
| + | |Korex9 = | ||
| + | |Engex9 = | ||
| + | |Comment9 = | ||
| + | |Korex10 = | ||
| + | |Engex10 = | ||
| + | |Comment10 =[[Category:Incomplete examples]] <!--remove this line if there are 10 sentence examples--> | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <!--542--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Grammars Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation== | ||
| + | *[[A/V + 아/어 주다]] | ||
| + | *[[V + 아/어 + 야 되다]] | ||
| + | *[[V + 아/어 + 야 하다]] | ||
| + | *[[V + 아/어 + 야 지]] | ||
| + | *[[A/V + 았/었 + 다]] | ||
| + | *[[A/V + 아/어 + 서]] | ||
| + | *[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다]] | ||
| + | *[[A/V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다]] | ||
| + | *[[V + 아/어 버리다]] | ||
| + | *[[V + 아/어 있다]] | ||
| + | See [[:Category:아/어/여 form]] for more patterns. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See Also== | ||
| + | *[[ㄷ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㄹ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[르 irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅂ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅅ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[으 irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | *[[ㅎ irregular verbs]] | ||
| + | * http://youtu.be/7ZxksamsZMs | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Languages|{{PAGENAME}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Grammar|ㅇ]] | ||
| + | [[Category:SNU level 1 grammar|ㅇ]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Sogang level 1 grammar|ㅇ]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Final endings|ㅇ]] | ||
| + | [[Category:아/어/여 form|ㅇ]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:03, 2 March 2023
La forma gramatical A/V + 아/어/여 es una de las más importantes del coreano y es probablemente la más utilizada, ya que puede usarse como forma formal educada e informal entre amigos y personas de igual o menor estrato (dejando de lado el 요 al final). Muchas otras formas gramaticales dependen de las reglas básicas de conjugación de esta: ver esta página.
Contents
Usos
Esta forma gramatical es probablemente la más común en el coreano.
- Se usa para oraciones en presente informal, y agregar 요 al final las convierte en informal educado. Esto se puede usar para
This basic pattern is probably the most common grammar pattern in Korean.
- It is used for making informal present tense sentences, adding to the end 요 makes it become the informal polite form. This can be used to convey your thoughts, a fact or fact to someone else in the present tense. This can also be used for asking a question in the present tense. When asking a question your intonation should go up slightly.
- This pattern can also be used to issue a command (similar to V + 아/어 + 라 but not as strong) or give a suggestion. It's best to combine the verb/adjective stem with the honorific suffix 시 to make it more polite.
- When combined with the words 같이 or 함께 you are inviting or suggesting to the listener to do something together.
Notes
- Not adding a 요 is very informal and called 반말, which should only be used with friends, people that are younger than you, and people who are in a lower position than you. This is, however, dependent on the situation, and so may not always be true.
- To be more polite the honorific suffix 시 is added to the verb/adjective stem in many cases.
Conjugation Rules
There are three types of basic conjugation rules, the first two depend on whether or not a 오 or 아 verb appear in the last syllable of the adj/verb stem. The last rule is simply used for 하다 verbs. Please note that verbs/adjectives are put in the dictionary form (ending in -다, i.e. 가다), the stem is 가 (part without the 다).
Verb/Adj Stem + 아
- If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowels ㅗ or ㅏ, then 아 is added. If it is a stem with no 받침 like 가다, then an extra 아 isn't added.
- Please note this rule does not apply for 하다 verbs, see the section below for 하다 adj/verbs.
- Stems that end in 오 are often contracted to 와 (오 + 아 = 와), especially in colloquial speech.
- Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 가다 (to go) | 가 | 가아 | 가 | 가(요) | 갔어(요) |
| 괜찮다 (to be fine, ok) | 괜찮 | 괜찮아 | N/A | 괜찮아(요) | 괜찮았어(요) |
| 놀다 (to play) | 놀 | 놀아 | N/A | 놀아(요) | 놀았어(요) |
| 맞다 (to be right, correct) | 맞 | 맞아 | N/A | 맞아(요) | 맞았어(요) |
| 보다 (to see) | 보 | 보아 | 봐 | 봐(요) / 보아(요 | 봤어(요) / 보았어(요) |
| 사다 (to buy) | 사 | 사아 | 사 | 사(요) | 샀어(요) |
| 오다 (to come) | 오 | 오아 | 와 | 와(요) / 오아(요) | 왔어(요) / 오았어(요) |
| 좋다 (to like) | 좋 | 좋아 | N/A | 좋아(요) | 좋았어(요) |
Verb/Adj Stem + 어
- If the last syllable of the stem contains any vowel other than 오, 아, and is not a 하다 verb then it becomes an 어. Note that verb stems with 이 turn into a 여(see next section), it is due to a contraction of 이 + 어 = 여.
- If the last syllable of the stem contains the vowel 이 and there's no 받침, i.e. 시키다, then it becomes a 여 (시켜). The 여 is a result of the contraction between 이 + 어. The contracted form is almost always used in spoken and written Korean. Also note a separate table of examples has been created below for the adj/verb stems which end in 이.
- Verbs that end in in the vowel ㅐ don't get anything conjugated to it, i.e. 내다 → 내요.
- Irregular verbs do exist, see the irregular verbs section below for more details.
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 먹다 (to eat) | 먹 | 먹어 | N/A | 먹어(요) | 먹었어(요) |
| 신다 (to put on shoes/socks) | 신 | 신어 | N/A | 신어(요) | 신었어(요) |
| 쓰다 (to write) | 쓰 | 쓰어 | 써 | 써(요) | 썼어(요) |
| 울다 (to cry) | 울 | 울어 | N/A | 울어(요) | 울었어(요) |
| 읽다 (to read) | 읽 | 읽어 | N/A | 읽어(요) | 읽었어(요) |
| 재미있다 (to be fun, interesting) | 재미있 | 재미있어 | N/A | 재미있어(요) | 재미있었어(요) |
| 주다 (to give) | 주 | 주어 | 줘 | 줘요 / 주어(요) | 줬어(요) / 주었어(요) |
| 크다 (to be big) | 크 | 크어 | 커 | 커(요) | 컸어(요) |
| 필요없다 (to be unnecessary) | 필요없 | 필요없어 | N/A | 필요없어(요) | 필요없었어(요) |
| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring) | 힘들 | 힘들어 | N/A | 힘들어(요) | 힘들었어(요) |
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form(이 + 어 = 여) | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 내리다 (to descend) | 내리 | 내리어 | 내려 | 내려(요) | 내렸어(요) |
| 놀리다 (to tease, make fun of) | 놀리 | 놀리어 | 놀려 | 놀려(요) | 놀렸어(요) |
| 떨어지다(to fall) | 떨어지 | 떨어지어 | 떨어져 | 떨어져(요) | 떨어졌어(요) |
| 먹이다 (to feed) | 먹이 | 먹이어 | 먹여 | 먹여(요) | 먹였어(요) |
| 보이다 (to be seen, visible) | 보이 | 보이어 | 보여 | 보여(요) | 보였어(요) |
| 붙이다 (to attach, stick) | 붙이 | 붙이어 | 붙여 | 붙여(요) | 붙였어(요) |
| 빠지다 (to drown) | 빠지 | 빠지어 | 빠져 | 빠져(요) | 빠졌어(요) |
| 사라지다 (to disappear) | 사라지 | 사라지어 | 사라져 | 사라져(요) | 사라졌어(요) |
| 시키다 (to order) | 시키 | 시키어 | 시켜 | 시켜(요) | 시켰어(요) |
| 웃기다 (to make a person laugh) | 웃기 | 웃기어 | 웃겨 | 웃겨(요) | 웃겼어(요) |
여 Verbs/Adjectives (하다)
- Any verb or adjective that ends in 하다 falls under this category.
- The 하 becomes 해 due to a contraction with 하 and 여.
- The contracted form is used most of the time, especially in colloquial speech. However, 하여 is used mostly in very formal situations.
| Verb/Adjective | Stem | After Conjugation | Contracted Form | Present Tense | Past Tense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 건강하다 (to be healthy) | 건강하 | 건강하여 | 건강해 | 건강해(요) | 건강했어(요) |
| 공부하다 (to study) | 공부하 | 공부하여 | 공부해 | 공부해(요) | 공부했어(요) |
| 궁금하다 (to be curious) | 궁금하 | 궁금하여 | 궁금해 | 궁금해(요) | 궁금했어(요) |
| 설명하다 (to explain) | 설명하 | 설명하여 | 설명해 | 설명해(요) | 설명했어(요) |
| 연락하다 (to contact someone) | 연락하 | 연락하여 | 연락해 | 연락해(요) | 연락했어(요) |
| 연습하다 (to practice) | 연습하 | 연습하여 | 연습해 | 연습해(요) | 연습했어(요) |
| 예약하다 (to make a reservation) | 예약하 | 예약하여 | 예약해 | 예약해(요) | 예약했어(요) |
| 좋아하다 (to like) | 좋아하 | 좋아하여 | 좋아해 | 좋아해(요) | 좋아했어(요) |
| 필요하다 (to need) | 필요하 | 필요하여 | 필요해 | 필요해(요) | 필요했어(요) |
| 행복하다 (to be happy) | 행복하 | 행복하여 | 행복해 | 행복해(요) | 행복했어(요) |
Sentence Examples
Informal and informal polite present tense:
| Korean | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 집에 가요? | Are you going home? | Informal polite |
| 돈 있어요? | Do you have money? | Informal polite |
| 그 여자는 진짜 예뻐요. | That girl is really pretty. | Informal polite, 예쁘다 is an irregular ㅅ adj/verb. |
| 시간 있으면 점심 같이 먹어요. | If you have time, let's eat lunch together. | Polite informal |
| 이 책은 재미없어. | This book is boring. | Low form (반말) |
| 철수는 건강해요. | Chul Su is healthy. | Informal polite |
| 우리 아버지는 정말 부지런해요. | My father is really diligent. | Informal polite. |
| 우리 엄마를 사랑해. | I love my mom | Low form (반말) |
| 중간고사가 어려워요. | The midterm exam is difficult. | Informal polite, 어렵다 is an irregular ㅂ adj/verb. |
| 지금 뭐 해? | What are you doing right now? | Low form 반말 |
Irregular Forms
Many irregular conjugations exist. See:
- ㄷ irregular verbs
- ㄹ irregular verbs
- 르 irregular verbs
- ㅂ irregular verbs
- ㅅ irregular verbs
- 으 irregular verbs
- ㅎ irregular verbs
Irregular Sentence Examples
Exceptions
- Many people say 맞어 instead of 맞아 and 아퍼 instead of 아파.
Sentence Examples Using Commands
As a command or suggestion:
| Korean | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 나 배고파. 빨리 시켜! | I'm hungry. Hurry up and order! | Low form (반말) |
| 야 빨리 가! | Hey hurry up and leave. | Low form (반말) |
| 물 좀 줘. | Give me some water. | Low form (반말) |
| 조용히 해. | Be quiet. | Low form (반말) |
| 앉으세요 | Please sit. | 앉다 + honorific suffix 시 to make it more polite. |
Grammars Which Also use 아/어/여 Conjugation
- A/V + 아/어 주다
- V + 아/어 + 야 되다
- V + 아/어 + 야 하다
- V + 아/어 + 야 지
- A/V + 았/었 + 다
- A/V + 아/어 + 서
- A/V + 아/어 + 도 되다
- A/V + 아/어 + 도 괜찮다
- V + 아/어 버리다
- V + 아/어 있다
See Category:아/어/여 form for more patterns.
See Also
- ㄷ irregular verbs
- ㄹ irregular verbs
- 르 irregular verbs
- ㅂ irregular verbs
- ㅅ irregular verbs
- 으 irregular verbs
- ㅎ irregular verbs
- http://youtu.be/7ZxksamsZMs
