Difference between revisions of "IPA"

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|align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
 
|align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center''|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds
+
|align="center"|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
 
|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>ɕ͈</big>|| ㅆ || ss || — || before [i] or [j]<br>tense [ɕ]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
 
|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align=''center''|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
+
|align="center"|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
 
|align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
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|align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
 
|align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align='''center''|<big>gʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
+
|align="center"|<big>ɡʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
 
|align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align=''center''|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds
+
|align="center"|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
 
|align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
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! Notes
 
! Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>a</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅏ ||rowspan=2| a || rowspan=2|''sp'''a'''''
+
|align="center"|<big>ɑ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅏ ||rowspan=3| a || rowspan=3|''sp'''a'''''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>aː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>aː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>e</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅔ || rowspan=2|e ||rowspan=2| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
+
|align="center"|<big>ɑ̃</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>e</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅔ || rowspan=3|e ||rowspan=3| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>eː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>eː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅐ || rowspan=2|ae || rowspan=2|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
+
|align="center"|<big>ẽ</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅐ || rowspan=3|ae || rowspan=3|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>ɛː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>ɛː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>i</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅣ || rowspan=2|i || rowspan=2|''m'''ea'''n''
+
|align="center"|<big>ɛ̃</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>i</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅣ || rowspan=3|i || rowspan=3|''m'''ea'''n''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>iː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>iː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>o</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅗ || rowspan=2|o || rowspan=2|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
+
|align="center"|<big>ĩ</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>o</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅗ || rowspan=3|o || rowspan=3|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>oː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>oː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>u</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅜ || rowspan=2|u || rowspan=2|''m'''oo'''n''
+
|align="center"|<big>õ</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>u</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅜ || rowspan=3|u || rowspan=3|''m'''oo'''n''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>uː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>uː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>ʌ, ɔ</big>|| rowspan=2| ㅓ || rowspan=2| eo || rowspan=2| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in ''north,'' in Seoul and North Korea)
+
|align="center"|<big>ũ</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>ʌ, ɔ</big>|| rowspan=3| ㅓ || rowspan=3| eo || rowspan=3| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in ''north,'' in Seoul and North Korea)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>əː, ɔː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>əː, ɔː</big>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>ɯ, ɨ</big>|| rowspan=2|ㅡ ||rowspan=2| eu || rowspan=2| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
+
|align="center"|<big>ʌ̃, ɔ̃</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>ɯ, ɨ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅡ ||rowspan=3| eu || rowspan=3| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|align="center"|<big>ɯː</big>
 
|align="center"|<big>ɯː</big>
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big>ɯ̃</big>
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! IPA!! Explanation
 
! IPA!! Explanation
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big> ː</big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
+
|align="center"|<big> ː </big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big> ˈ </big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Primary Stress]].
 +
|-
 +
|align="center"|<big> ˌ </big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Secondary Stress]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align="center"|<big>&nbsp;́</big> || [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|High tone]], on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
+
|align="center"|<big> ̃ </big> || [[wikipedia:Nasal vowel|Nasal vowel]]. Nasal [ʌ] is [ʌ̃].
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 03:39, 12 December 2019

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations.

Korean consonants

IPA Hangul RR trans. English equivalent Notes
b ㅂ b ball between voiced sounds
bʱ ㅍ p abhor between voiced sounds
ɕ ㅅ s she before [i] or [j]
ɕ͈ ㅆ ss — before [i] or [j]
tense [ɕ]
d ㄷ d doll between voiced sounds
dʱ ㅌ t oldhouse between voiced sounds
dʑ ㅈ j gee between voiced sounds
dʑʱ ㅊ ch hedgehog between voiced sounds
ɡ ㄱ g gall between voiced sounds
ɡʱ ㅋ k doghouse between voiced sounds
h ㅎ h hall
ɦ ㅎ h ahead between voiced sounds
j ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ 		y y’all Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
k ㄱ, ㅋ g, k — ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
k͈ ㄲ kk skin tense [k]
kʰ ㅋ, ㅎㄱ k call
l ㄹ, ㄴ l call ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
m ㅁ, ㅂ m mall ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
n ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ 		n not ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
ŋ ㅇ, ㄱ ng king ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
p ㅂ, ㅍ b, p — ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
p͈ ㅃ pp span tense [p]
pʰ ㅍ, ㅎㅂ p pall
ɾ ㄹ r — A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
s ㅅ s — [s] with almost no sibilance
s͈ ㅆ ss Saul tense [s]
t ㄷ
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ 		d
t 		— All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
t͈ ㄸ tt stall tense [t]
tʰ ㅌ, ㅎㄷ t tall
tɕ ㅈ j each
tɕ͈ ㅉ jj — tense [tɕ]
tɕʰ ㅊ, ㅎㅈ ch chin
w ㅜ, ㅗ w wall spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Korean vowels

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɑ ㅏ a spa
aː
ɑ̃
e ㅔ e Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
eː
ẽ
ɛ ㅐ ae met; similar to e for young speakers.
ɛː
ɛ̃
i ㅣ i mean
iː
ĩ
o ㅗ o Spanish o or French eau
oː
õ
u ㅜ u moon
uː
ũ
ʌ, ɔ ㅓ eo young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in north, in Seoul and North Korea)
əː, ɔː
ʌ̃, ɔ̃
ɯ, ɨ ㅡ eu Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
ɯː
ɯ̃

Korean diphthongs

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɯi ㅢ ui
ø,
we		 ㅚ oe ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Sounds not written in hangul

IPA Explanation
ː Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
ˈ Primary Stress.
ˌ Secondary Stress.
̃ Nasal vowel. Nasal [ʌ] is [ʌ̃].
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