Difference between revisions of "IPA"

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This page will have all the IPAs needed to read Korean words written in IPA.
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__NOTOC__
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The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents Korean language pronunciations.
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{|
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|-----
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| valign="top" |
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{| class="IPA wikitable"
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! colspan="5"|
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===Korean consonants===
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|-
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! IPA
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! Hangul
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! <small>[[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
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! English equivalent
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! Notes
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɕ͈</big>|| ㅆ || ss || — || before [i] or [j]<br>tense [ɕ]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align=''center''|<big>dʑʱ</big>|| ㅊ || ch || ''he'''dgeh'''og'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɡʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>k</big>|| ㄱ, ㅋ || g, k || — || ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>k͈</big>|| ㄲ || kk || ''s'''k'''in'' || tense [k]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>kʰ</big>|| ㅋ, ㅎㄱ || k || '''''c'''all'' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>l</big>|| ㄹ, ㄴ || l || ''ca'''ll''''' || ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.<br>ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>m</big>|| ㅁ, ㅂ || m || '''''m'''all'' || ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>n</big>|| ㄴ, ㄹ,<br>{{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ}} || n || '''''n'''ot'' || ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.<br>ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ŋ</big>|| ㅇ, ㄱ || ng || ''ki'''ng''''' || ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.<br>ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>p</big>|| ㅂ, ㅍ || b, p || — || ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>p͈</big>|| ㅃ || pp || ''s'''p'''an'' || tense [p]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>pʰ</big>|| ㅍ, ㅎㅂ || p || '''''p'''all'' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɾ</big>|| ㄹ || r || — || A [[wikipedia:flap consonant|flap]], like Scots ''r'' or American ''la'''dd'''er,'' between vowels
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>s</big>|| ㅅ || s || — || [s] with almost no [[wikipedia:Sibilant consonant|sibilance]]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>s͈</big>|| ㅆ || ss || '''''S'''aul'' || tense [s]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>t</big>|| ㄷ<br>{{nowrap|ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ}} || d<br>t || — || All are [t] and RR ''t'' at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>t͈</big>|| ㄸ || tt || ''s'''t'''all'' || tense [t]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>tʰ</big>|| ㅌ, ㅎㄷ || t || '''''t'''all'' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>tɕ</big>|| ㅈ || j || ''ea'''ch''''' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>tɕ͈</big>|| ㅉ || jj || — || tense [tɕ]
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>tɕʰ</big>|| ㅊ, ㅎㅈ || ch || '''''ch'''in'' ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>w</big>|| ㅜ, ㅗ || w || '''''w'''all'' || spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];<br>ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
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|-
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|  || colspan=4| *ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
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|}
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| valign="top" |
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{| class="IPA wikitable"
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! colspan="4"|
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===Korean vowels===
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|-
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! IPA
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! Hangul
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! <small>[[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
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! Notes
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɑ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅏ ||rowspan=3| a || rowspan=3|''sp'''a'''''
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>aː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɑ̃</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>e</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅔ || rowspan=3|e ||rowspan=3| Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in ''m'''ai'''n''
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>eː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ẽ</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɛ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅐ || rowspan=3|ae || rowspan=3|''m'''e'''t''; similar to ''e'' for young speakers.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɛː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɛ̃</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>i</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅣ || rowspan=3|i || rowspan=3|''m'''ea'''n''
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>iː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ĩ</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>o</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅗ || rowspan=3|o || rowspan=3|Spanish ''o'' or French ''eau''
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>oː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>õ</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>u</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅜ || rowspan=3|u || rowspan=3|''m'''oo'''n''
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>uː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ũ</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ʌ, ɔ</big>|| rowspan=3| ㅓ || rowspan=3| eo || rowspan=3| ''y'''ou'''ng'' (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in ''north,'' in Seoul and North Korea)
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>əː, ɔː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ʌ̃, ɔ̃</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɯ, ɨ</big>|| rowspan=3|ㅡ ||rowspan=3| eu || rowspan=3| Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to ''eo'' for many dialects.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɯː</big>
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɯ̃</big>
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|}
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{| class="IPA wikitable"
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! colspan="4"|
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===Korean diphthongs===
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|-
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! IPA
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! Hangul
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! <small>[[wikipedia:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR trans.]]</small>
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! Notes
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ɯi</big>|| ㅢ || ui ||
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>ø,<br>we</big>|| ㅚ || oe || ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ''ö'' vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
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|}
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{| class="IPA wikitable"
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! colspan=3|
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===Sounds not written in hangul===
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|-
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! IPA!! Explanation
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|-
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|align="center"|<big> ː </big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
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|-
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|align="center"|<big> ˈ </big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Primary Stress]].
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|-
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|align="center"|<big> ˌ </big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Secondary Stress]].
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|-
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|align="center"|<big>  ̃ </big> || [[wikipedia:Nasal vowel|Nasal vowel]]. Nasal [ʌ] is [ʌ̃].
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|}
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|}

Latest revision as of 03:39, 12 December 2019

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations.

Korean consonants

IPA Hangul RR trans. English equivalent Notes
b ㅂ b ball between voiced sounds
bʱ ㅍ p abhor between voiced sounds
ɕ ㅅ s she before [i] or [j]
ɕ͈ ㅆ ss — before [i] or [j]
tense [ɕ]
d ㄷ d doll between voiced sounds
dʱ ㅌ t oldhouse between voiced sounds
dʑ ㅈ j gee between voiced sounds
dʑʱ ㅊ ch hedgehog between voiced sounds
ɡ ㄱ g gall between voiced sounds
ɡʱ ㅋ k doghouse between voiced sounds
h ㅎ h hall
ɦ ㅎ h ahead between voiced sounds
j ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ 		y y’all Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
k ㄱ, ㅋ g, k — ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
k͈ ㄲ kk skin tense [k]
kʰ ㅋ, ㅎㄱ k call
l ㄹ, ㄴ l call ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
m ㅁ, ㅂ m mall ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
n ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ 		n not ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
ŋ ㅇ, ㄱ ng king ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
p ㅂ, ㅍ b, p — ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
p͈ ㅃ pp span tense [p]
pʰ ㅍ, ㅎㅂ p pall
ɾ ㄹ r — A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
s ㅅ s — [s] with almost no sibilance
s͈ ㅆ ss Saul tense [s]
t ㄷ
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ 		d
t 		— All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
t͈ ㄸ tt stall tense [t]
tʰ ㅌ, ㅎㄷ t tall
tɕ ㅈ j each
tɕ͈ ㅉ jj — tense [tɕ]
tɕʰ ㅊ, ㅎㅈ ch chin
w ㅜ, ㅗ w wall spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Korean vowels

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɑ ㅏ a spa
aː
ɑ̃
e ㅔ e Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
eː
ẽ
ɛ ㅐ ae met; similar to e for young speakers.
ɛː
ɛ̃
i ㅣ i mean
iː
ĩ
o ㅗ o Spanish o or French eau
oː
õ
u ㅜ u moon
uː
ũ
ʌ, ɔ ㅓ eo young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in north, in Seoul and North Korea)
əː, ɔː
ʌ̃, ɔ̃
ɯ, ɨ ㅡ eu Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
ɯː
ɯ̃

Korean diphthongs

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɯi ㅢ ui
ø,
we		 ㅚ oe ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Sounds not written in hangul

IPA Explanation
ː Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
ˈ Primary Stress.
ˌ Secondary Stress.
̃ Nasal vowel. Nasal [ʌ] is [ʌ̃].
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