Difference between revisions of "ㄹ irregular verbs"

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Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a [[받침]] follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include [[A/V + (으)면]], [[A/V + (으)니까]]. So for example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.
 
Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a [[받침]] follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include [[A/V + (으)면]], [[A/V + (으)니까]]. So for example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.
  
 +
<pre>
 +
A/V+(으)면
 +
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
 +
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면
  
−
[[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
+
</pre>
  
−
For example the verb 먹다 has a [[받침]], so if combined with, say this grammar pattern: [[A/V + (으)면]], it will use A/V + 으면 since it has a [[받침]] and it will be conjugated as 먹으면. However verb/adjectives whose stem ends with ㄹ [[받침]] do not follow these rules like the rest of the consonants.
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
 +
|-
 +
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
 +
|-
 +
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?
 +
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
 +
|-
 +
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
 +
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
 +
|-
 +
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 
 +
| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면
 +
|}
  
 +
[[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
  
−
If these ㄹ verbs are followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears.  
+
As stated previously, these verbs/adjective [[stems|stem]] follow the same conjugation rules as [[stems|stem]] without a [[받침]].So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔세요.
−
*show image
+
  
 +
*show image
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
 +
|-
 +
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
 +
|-
 +
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?
 +
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
 +
|-
 +
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
 +
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
 +
|-
 +
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 
 +
| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까
 +
|-
 +
| Step 4: Fix conflict
 +
| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step.
 +
|}
  
 
also cases like 로, 면
 
also cases like 로, 면
Line 18: Line 53:
  
 
seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데
 
seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데
 +
 +
 +
==Explanation==
 +
Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a [[받침]] follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include [[A/V + (으)면]], [[A/V + (으)니까]]. So for example, the pattern [[A/V + (으)면]] has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem.
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
A/V+(으)면
 +
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
 +
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면
 +
 +
</pre>
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
−
|+Examples for ㄹ Irregular Verbs/Adjectives
+
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Verb/Adjective !! + Grammar Pattern !! Result !! Comment
+
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 길다 (to be long)
+
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?
−
|   || ||  
+
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 놀다 (to play, hang out)
+
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
−
| [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]]|| 놀아 || No conflicts, regular form
+
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 면 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으면 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 들다 (to carry)
+
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 
−
| || ||  
+
| 가면 || 먹으면 || 알면
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
[[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
 +
 
 +
As stated previously, these verbs/adjective [[stems|stem]] follow the same conjugation rules as [[stems|stem]] without a [[받침]].So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form [[V + (으)세요]] becomes 파세요, ''NOT'' 팔세요.
 +
 
 +
*show image
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|+Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 만들다 (to make)
+
! Step # !! 가다 (to go) !! 먹다 (to eat) !! 알다 (to know)
−
| [[A/V + ㅂ니다 / 습니다]] || 만듭니다  || explain (??)
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 말다 (Don't ~)
+
| Step 1: Does it have a [[받침]] at the end of stem?
−
| [[V + 지 말다]] + [[세요]] || V + 지 마세요 || ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears. Note in this example 말다 is part of the grammar pattern.
+
| No || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄱ || Yes, the [[받침]] is ㄹ (special case)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 살다 (to live)
+
| Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule
−
| [[A/V + (으)면]] || 살면 || ㄹ [[받침]]s doesn't follow the normal rules, so just gets 면 appended to it
+
| Use rule 1:<br> A/V + 니까 || Use rule 2:<br> A/V + 으니까 || It is a ㄹ [[받침]] (irregular) and we treat it like there is no [[받침]], so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 알다 (to know)
+
| Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 
−
| || ||  
+
| 가니까 || 먹으니까 || 알니까
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 열다 (to open)
+
| Step 4: Fix conflict
−
| || ||  
+
| No conflict(regular verb) || No conflict(regular verb) || The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ [[받침]] and ㄴ in the previous step.
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
also cases like 로, 면
 +
ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?
 +
 
 +
seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==More Examples==
 +
Below are a table of conjugation examples. These rules apply the same for other irregular ㄹ verbs such as:
 +
길다,놀다, 들다, 만들다, 멀다, 살다, 알다, 열다, 울다, 팔다, 힘들다 (etc).
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|+Some Conjugation Examples
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 울다 (to cry)
+
! Verb/Adj !! [[A/V + (스)ㅂ니다]] !! [[A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요]] !! [[A/V + 았/었 + 어요]] !! [[A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요]]
−
| [[A/V + 니]] || 우니 || ㄹ collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears
+
! [[A/V + (으)니까]] !! [[A/V + (으)면]] !! [[A + 군요]] / [[V + 는군요]] !! [[A/V + 니]] !! [[V + (으)세요]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 팔다 (to sell)
+
| 길다 (to be long)
−
| [[V + 세요]] || 파세요 || ㄹ collides with ㅅ, so ㄹ disappears
+
|  깁니다 || 길어요  || 길었어요 || 길 거예요 || 기니까 || 길면 || 길군요 || 기니 ||
 +
|-
 +
| 만들다 (to make)
 +
| 만듭니다 || 만들어요 || 만들었어요 || 만들 거예요 || 만드니까 || 만들면|| 만드는군요 || 만드니 ||
 +
|-
 +
| 멀다 (to be far)
 +
| 멉니다 || 멀어요 || 멀었어요 || 멀 거예요 || 머니까 || 멀면 || 멀군요 || 머니 ||
 +
|-
 +
| 알다 (to know)
 +
| 압니다 || 알아요 || 알았어요 || 알 거예요|| 아니까|| 알면 || 아는군요 || 아니 ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 힘들다 (to be difficult, tiring)
+
| 힘들다 (to difficult, tiring)
−
| [[A/V + (으)니까]]  || 힘드니까 || ㄹ can't be used with (으) in this case and also collides with ㄴ, so ㄹ disappears
+
| 힘듭니다 || 힘들어요 || 힘들었어요 || 힘들 거예요 || 힘드니까 || 힘들면 || 힘들군요 || 힘드니 ||
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 12:33, 7 February 2009

Verbs and adjectives whose stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 are irregular. Some examples of include 알다, 살다, 열다 and 팔다. These verbs/adjectives don't follow normal conjugation rules required for 받침 containing stems, and instead follow the conjugation rules of non 받침 verbs. Also if followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ in the stem disappears.

Explanation

Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. 

A/V+(으)면
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요

As stated previously, these verbs/adjective stem follow the same conjugation rules as stem without a 받침.So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔세요.

  • show image
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

also cases like 로, 면 ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?

seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데


Explanation

Normally verb/adjectives whose stem has a 받침 follows a certain type of rule to conjugate it with a grammar pattern. If you notice in this wiki and many other text books, there is often a (으) in grammar patterns, some examples include A/V + (으)면, A/V + (으)니까. So for example, the pattern A/V + (으)면 has two rules, if it has a 받침 at the end of the stem, add 으면 to the stem, otherwise just add 면 to the stem. 

A/V+(으)면
Rule 1: If there is no 받침 add 면
Rule 2: If there is a 받침 add 으면
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)면
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 면 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으면 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 면
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가면 먹으면 알면

A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요

As stated previously, these verbs/adjective stem follow the same conjugation rules as stem without a 받침.So if it is followed by ㄴ,ㅂ,ㅅ, then the ㄹ disappears. For example 팔다 in the grammar form V + (으)세요 becomes 파세요, NOT 팔세요.

  • show image
Example of the Process for Conjugating A/V+(으)니까
Step # 가다 (to go) 먹다 (to eat) 알다 (to know)
Step 1: Does it have a 받침 at the end of stem? No Yes, the 받침 is ㄱ Yes, the 받침 is ㄹ (special case)
Step 2: Find proper conjugation rule Use rule 1:
A/V + 니까 		Use rule 2:
A/V + 으니까 		It is a ㄹ 받침 (irregular) and we treat it like there is no 받침, so we must use rule 1 instead of rule 2, so A/V + 니까
Step 3: Apply the conjugation rule 가니까 먹으니까 알니까
Step 4: Fix conflict No conflict(regular verb) No conflict(regular verb) The ㄹ disappears and it becomes 아니까 because there was a conflict between the ㄹ 받침 and ㄴ in the previous step.

also cases like 로, 면 ㄹ can't be used with (으) cases?

seperate table for ㄹ + grammars like future tense, 로, and 면? Also ㄴ/는데


More Examples

Below are a table of conjugation examples. These rules apply the same for other irregular ㄹ verbs such as: 길다,놀다, 들다, 만들다, 멀다, 살다, 알다, 열다, 울다, 팔다, 힘들다 (etc).

Some Conjugation Examples
Verb/Adj A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 A/V + 아 / 어 / 여 + 요 A/V + 았/었 + 어요 A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요 A/V + (으)니까 A/V + (으)면 A + 군요 / V + 는군요 A/V + 니 V + (으)세요
길다 (to be long) 깁니다 길어요 길었어요 길 거예요 기니까 길면 길군요 기니
만들다 (to make) 만듭니다 만들어요 만들었어요 만들 거예요 만드니까 만들면 만드는군요 만드니
멀다 (to be far) 멉니다 멀어요 멀었어요 멀 거예요 머니까 멀면 멀군요 머니
알다 (to know) 압니다 알아요 알았어요 알 거예요 아니까 알면 아는군요 아니
힘들다 (to difficult, tiring) 힘듭니다 힘들어요 힘들었어요 힘들 거예요 힘드니까 힘들면 힘들군요 힘드니
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