Difference between revisions of "Hangeul step 1/tl"

Revision as of 09:29, 21 December 2010

Panimula

Hyunwoo and Mikyung - Steps 2, 3
Seokjin and Kyoung-eun: Steps 4, 5, 6
http://www.talktomeinkorean.com

Mabuhay. Kumpara sa Hapones at Tsino, ang basic ng Korean script ay maaring matutuhan sa loob lamang ng ilang oras. Ang tanging paraan upang mabigkas ng mahusay ang wikang Korean ay sa paggamit ng Korean script o Hangeul (한글). Ang Korean ay may ilang tunog na walang katumbas sa wikang Inggles kaya ang paggamit ng romanization ay hindi magandang ideya . Sa mga sumusunod na pahina, kami ay naglatag ng aralin na binubuo ng 6 na hakbang at gumamit ng iba't-ibang pamamaraan upang tulungan ang magaaral na matuto ng Korean script sa mabilis at epektibong paraan. Ang proyektong ito ay sa pagitan ng pagtutulungan ng Korean Wiki Project at TalktomeinKorean.com. Kami ay naghahanap ng bo-boses para sa pagbigkas ng tunog ng Hanguel at sila'y nag-laan ng kanilang pahanon sa kabila ng kanilang kakapusan sa oras upang maisakatuparan ang proyektong ito. Kami ay nagpapasalamat sa kanilang pagpupunyagi at pagsuporta.

Magkakaroon din ng ika-pitong hakbang sa hinaharap para sa pagbigkas ng matatas.

Bakit matuto ng alpabetong Korean?

Marami ang nagiisip na sapat nang malaman ang Romanized Korean. Hindi nila naiisip na ito ay nagiging hadlang upang sila'y maging mas mahusay sa wikang Korean. Ang mga sumusunod ang dahilan kung bakit ang Korean Romanization ay hindi kanais-nais.

• Ang mga tunog ng Ingles at Korean ay hindi magkapareho May saysay ba na magaral ng Inggles gamit ang alpabetong Korean? Lalu na't kung walang F, V at Z na tunog sa Korean? Hindi lahat ng tunog sa wikang Inggles ay mayroon ang wikang Korean at hindi lahat ng tunog sa wikang Korean ay mayroon ang wikang Inggles. Kaya ang Inggles ay hindi kayang ipakita ang sakto at katumbas na tunog sa Korean. Kung nais nating matuto ng Inggles, marapat nating pag-aralan ang alpabetong Inggles at ang mga tunog nito. Kapareho rin sa pagaaral ng Korean, dapat pag-aralan ang alpabetong Korean at ang mga tunog nito.
• Ang Korean Romanization ay nakakalito at hindi malinaw.
  • Kung walang karanasan sa Korean at ang gamit lamang ay libro na may travel phrases na gamit ang Romanized Korean, maaaring magkamali sa pagbigkas dito. Halimbawa, paano bibigkasin ang salitang Romanized na 'neon'? 'Niyon' ba o 'nun'? Ang pagbigkas ay kahalintulad sa 'nun' ngunit paano natin malalaman kung ito ay katulad sa salitang Inggles na 'neon'?
  • Maraming uri ng Romanization at minsan, mahirap tukuyin kung anong uri ang ginagamit. Halimbawa na lang ang pangalan ng gold medal olympic skater na si "Kim Yuna" (김연아), ay hindi naka-romanize sa tradisyunal na pamamaraan, at sa halip ay kahalintulad sa pagbabaybay sa Inggles. Kung ipagpapalagay na Revised Romanization System ang ginamit, ito ay parang Yoona at hindi Yuna dahil ang yu ay ㅠ at hindi ㅕ.
  • Walang tunog na Woo at Yi at imposible itong isulat sa Korean, ngunit kung minsan ang tunog ng ㅜ ay binabaybay na Woo at ang 이 ay binabaybay na Yi.

Para sa iba pang kadahilanan, tignan ang: Romanization#Problems.

Brief History

See full article at The Origin of Hangeul

King Sejong

A page from the Hunmin Jeong-eum Eonha

Hangeul was introduced under Sejong the Great and finished around 1444. Up until and even after that time, Chinese characters were used as the written language, limiting reading and writing to the royal and government elite. King Sejong wanted Korea to have its own script that could be easily learned by anyone -- even commoners. After its creation, Hangeul was said to be easy enough to learn that a wise man could finish it in the morning and a fool could finish it by night. For this reason there was opposition to Hangeul for a time by Korean aristocrats, believing only those of social superiority should have this special privilege.

Ever since Hangeul was first introduced, it has gone through many phases of refinement. Korean went through a large reformation during the Japanese colonization in the early 1900's, removing many of the now-archaic letters and changing several rules.

Hangeul is considered easy to learn by many people because most of the similar shaped letters have a similar sound as well, making it easy to see the relationship and making it easy to memorize.

Basics

Consonants

There are 14 basic consonants in Korean and five double consonants which are formed from the basic consonants ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, and ㅈ respectively.

Basic consonants
Double consonants

Vowels

There are eight basic vowel sounds along with 13 other complex vowel sounds. These complex vowels are called diphthongs, which are combinations of no more than two vowels. Whereas multiple vowels are normally voiced in separate syllables, each vowel composing a diphthong is voiced together within one syllable. As you can also see just from looking, most diphthongs are combinations of two basic vowels.

All basic vowels are created by three types of strokes. The first stroke symbolizes Heaven and is a dot (•), though in modern Korean this dot is just a simple, short stroke. The next type of stroke symbolizes earth and is a horizontal line (ㅡ). The final stroke symbolizes man (ㅣ). These symbols are combined to create the Korean vowels, for example | plus • makes ㅏ.

Basic vowels
Complex vowels

Syllable Blocks

Korean words are written from left to right and words are formed by writing each syllable in a block-like shape. Each letter inside the block forms a sound. The word for 'person' is 사람, romanized as 'saram,' and consists of two syllables. The letters ㅅ + ㅏ make the syllable block of 사 ('sa'), while ㄹ + ㅏ + ㅁ make the next syllable 람 ('ram'). The picture below will show you a sound approximation of each of the Korean sounds contained in the word. Also note that written Korean doesn't actually draw boxes around the syllables, this is just for illustrative purposes.

Korean syllables are organized into blocks of letters that have a beginning consonant, a middle vowel, and an optional final consonant. A syllable block is composed of a minimum of two letters, consisting of at least one consonant and one vowel. In our lesson plan, Steps 2, 3 and 4 will focus on just words with a consonant and one horizontal vowel, and words with a consonant and one vertical vowel (see below). Step 5 will introduce the final consonant concept and step 6 will show syllables that can consist of double vowels.

Also note if you want to write only a vowel, it must be written with the consonant ㅇ, which acts as a silent placeholder for the consonant position. Why? Think of the ying and the yang concept. If one wants to write the vowel ㅏ, they would have to write it as 아 with ㅇ being a silent placeholder for the consonant position. An easy way to remember this is to think of the ㅇ as a zero. More examples below:

Writing

As already mentioned, Korean words are written from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in block-like forms. In the next few sections you will learn how to write each letter and its appropriate stroke order. While stroke order may not seem important at first, it is important when writing Korean naturally and helps others to be able to read your handwriting. The shapes and size of the letters can be stretched or compressed to fill in the block space and to make it evenly sized with other all other syllables. In the example below, you can see how the size and shape of the letter ㄱ changes to fill in this imaginary block (highlighted in sky blue).

Now we are going to start learning some letters, which are called jamo. Please note that, in order to view these lessons in their entirety, you must have Adobe Flash Player installed. This will allow you to play all included audio files on the following pages. Don't worry, you more than likely have it installed on your computer already.