Difference between revisions of "았/었 + 다"
From Korean Wiki Project
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===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
| + | With adverbs such as 매일, 자주, 항상, etc, the sentence means 'past habit or repetition' rather than 'completion'. | ||
==Conjugation Rule== | ==Conjugation Rule== | ||
*If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a [[yang vowel]] (아, 야, 오, 요, 애, 얘, 와, 외, or 왜: 았어요. | *If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a [[yang vowel]] (아, 야, 오, 요, 애, 얘, 와, 외, or 왜: 았어요. | ||
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{{Example table | {{Example table | ||
| − | |Korex1 = | + | |Korex1 =어제 친구와 영화를 봤어요. |
| − | |Engex1 = | + | |Engex1 =I saw a movie with my friend yeterday. |
| − | |Comment1 = | + | |Comment1 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex2 = | + | |Korex2 =강아지와 산책을 했어요. |
| − | |Engex2 = | + | |Engex2 =I took a walk with my dog. |
| − | |Comment2 = | + | |Comment2 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex3 = | + | |Korex3 =점심 먹었어요? |
| − | |Engex3 = | + | |Engex3 =Did you have lunch? |
| − | |Comment3 = | + | |Comment3 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex4 = | + | |Korex4 =차를 샀어요. |
| − | |Engex4 = | + | |Engex4 =I bought a car. |
| − | |Comment4 = | + | |Comment4 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex5 = | + | |Korex5 =친구가 우리 집에 놀러 왔어. |
| − | |Engex5 = | + | |Engex5 =My friend came over to my place. |
| − | |Comment5 = | + | |Comment5 =Low form |
| − | |Korex6 = | + | |Korex6 =동생은 학교에 갔습니다. |
| − | |Engex6 = | + | |Engex6 =My younger brother went to school. |
| − | |Comment6 = | + | |Comment6 =Formal form |
| − | |Korex7 = | + | |Korex7 =오늘 아침에 늦게 일어났어. |
| − | |Engex7 = | + | |Engex7 =I got up late this morning. |
| − | |Comment7 = | + | |Comment7 =Low form |
| − | |Korex8 = | + | |Korex8 =지하철 탔어요? 버스 탔어요? |
| − | |Engex8 = | + | |Engex8 =Did you get on the subway or bus? |
| − | |Comment8 = | + | |Comment8 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex9 = | + | |Korex9 =어제 밤에 철수와 맥주를 마셨어요. |
| − | |Engex9 = | + | |Engex9 =I drank beer with Chul Su last night. |
| − | |Comment9 = | + | |Comment9 =Polite informal form |
| − | |Korex10 = | + | |Korex10 =나는 자주 도서관에 갔어요. |
| − | |Engex10 = | + | |Engex10 =I often went to library. |
| − | |Comment10 = | + | |Comment10 = Polite informal form |
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 03:27, 18 June 2009
Contents
Description
Adjective/Verb + 았 / 었 + 어요 : This pattern is used for past tense. Note that the ending 어요 can be substituted with a different sentence ending or clause ending, such as 어, 습니다, 죠?, 으니까, etc. But there must be some ending; a word may not end with 았/었.
Notes
With adverbs such as 매일, 자주, 항상, etc, the sentence means 'past habit or repetition' rather than 'completion'.
Conjugation Rule
- If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a yang vowel (아, 야, 오, 요, 애, 얘, 와, 외, or 왜: 았어요.
- If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a yin vowel (어, 여, 우, 유, 에, 예, 워, 위, or 웨: 었어요.
- If the last vowel in the verb before the ending is a neutral vowel (으, 이, or 의): use the preceding vowel; if it is yang, then 았어요; if it is yin, then 었어요; if there are no non-neutral vowels, use 었어요.
- One exception: the verb 하다 (or any verb ending in 하다) becomes 했다 or 하였다 (했다 is the contracted form and much more common).
Conjugation Examples
- 막다 → 막았다
- 먹다 → 먹었다
- 가다 → 갔다
- 오다 → 왔다
- 주다 → 줬다
Sentence Examples
| Korean | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 어제 친구와 영화를 봤어요. | I saw a movie with my friend yeterday. | Polite informal form |
| 강아지와 산책을 했어요. | I took a walk with my dog. | Polite informal form |
| 점심 먹었어요? | Did you have lunch? | Polite informal form |
| 차를 샀어요. | I bought a car. | Polite informal form |
| 친구가 우리 집에 놀러 왔어. | My friend came over to my place. | Low form |
| 동생은 학교에 갔습니다. | My younger brother went to school. | Formal form |
| 오늘 아침에 늦게 일어났어. | I got up late this morning. | Low form |
| 지하철 탔어요? 버스 탔어요? | Did you get on the subway or bus? | Polite informal form |
| 어제 밤에 철수와 맥주를 마셨어요. | I drank beer with Chul Su last night. | Polite informal form |
| 나는 자주 도서관에 갔어요. | I often went to library. | Polite informal form |
Pronunciation
- Special pronunciation rule?
See Also
- Related topic or grammar
