|
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| Line 18: |
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| | |align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds | | |align="center"|<big>b</big>|| ㅂ || b || '''''b'''all'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |align="center''|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds | + | |align="center"|<big>bʱ</big>|| ㅍ || p || ''a'''bh'''or'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j] | | |align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j] |
| Line 24: |
Line 24: |
| | |align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds | | |align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |align=''center''|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds | + | |align="center"|<big>dʱ</big>|| ㅌ || t || ''ol'''dh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds | | |align="center"|<big>dʑ</big>|| ㅈ || j || '''''g'''ee'' || between voiced sounds |
| Line 32: |
Line 32: |
| | |align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds | | |align="center"|<big>ɡ</big>|| ㄱ || g || '''''g'''all'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |align='''center''|<big>gʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds | + | |align="center"|<big>gʱ</big>|| ㅋ || k || ''do'''gh'''ouse'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' || | | |align="center"|<big>h</big>|| ㅎ || h || '''''h'''all'' || |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | |align=''center''|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds | + | |align="center"|<big>ɦ</big>|| ㅎ || h || ''a'''h'''ead'' || between voiced sounds |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel. | | |align="center"|<big>j</big>|| {{nowrap|ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,}}<br>{{nowrap|ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ}} || y || '''''y'''’all'' || Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel. |
Korean consonants
|
| IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
English equivalent
|
Notes
|
| b |
ㅂ |
b |
ball |
between voiced sounds
|
| bʱ |
ㅍ |
p |
abhor |
between voiced sounds
|
| ɕ |
ㅅ |
s |
she |
before [i] or [j]
|
| d |
ㄷ |
d |
doll |
between voiced sounds
|
| dʱ |
ㅌ |
t |
oldhouse |
between voiced sounds
|
| dʑ |
ㅈ |
j |
gee |
between voiced sounds
|
| dʑʱ |
ㅊ |
ch |
hedgehog |
between voiced sounds
|
| ɡ |
ㄱ |
g |
gall |
between voiced sounds
|
| gʱ |
ㅋ |
k |
doghouse |
between voiced sounds
|
| h |
ㅎ |
h |
hall |
|
| ɦ |
ㅎ |
h |
ahead |
between voiced sounds
|
| j |
ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ |
y |
y’all |
Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
|
| k |
ㄱ, ㅋ |
g, k |
— |
ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
|
| k͈ |
ㄲ |
kk |
skin |
tense [k]
|
| kʰ |
ㅋ, ㅎㄱ |
k |
call |
|
| l |
ㄹ, ㄴ |
l |
call |
ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
|
| m |
ㅁ, ㅂ |
m |
mall |
ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
|
| n |
ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ |
n |
not |
ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
|
| ŋ |
ㅇ, ㄱ |
ng |
king |
ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
|
| p |
ㅂ, ㅍ |
b, p |
— |
ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
|
| p͈ |
ㅃ |
pp |
span |
tense [p]
|
| pʰ |
ㅍ, ㅎㅂ |
p |
pall |
|
| ɾ |
ㄹ |
r |
— |
A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
|
| s |
ㅅ |
s |
— |
[s] with almost no sibilance
|
| s͈ |
ㅆ |
ss |
Saul |
tense [s]
|
| t |
ㄷ
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ |
d
t |
— |
All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
|
| t͈ |
ㄸ |
tt |
stall |
tense [t]
|
| tʰ |
ㅌ, ㅎㄷ |
t |
tall |
|
| tɕ |
ㅈ |
j |
each |
|
| tɕ͈ |
ㅉ |
jj |
— |
tense [tɕ]
|
| tɕʰ |
ㅊ, ㅎㅈ |
ch |
chin |
|
| w |
ㅜ, ㅗ |
w |
wall |
spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
|
| |
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|
|
Korean vowels
|
| IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
Notes
|
| a |
ㅏ |
a |
spa
|
| aː
|
| e |
ㅔ |
e |
Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
|
| eː
|
| ɛ |
ㅐ |
ae |
met; similar to e for young speakers.
|
| ɛː
|
| i |
ㅣ |
i |
mean
|
| iː
|
| o |
ㅗ |
o |
Spanish o or French eau
|
| oː
|
| u |
ㅜ |
u |
moon
|
| uː
|
| ʌ, ɔ |
ㅓ |
eo |
young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in north, in Seoul and North Korea)
|
| əː, ɔː
|
| ɯ, ɨ |
ㅡ |
eu |
Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
|
| ɯː
|
Korean diphthongs
|
| IPA
|
Hangul
|
RR trans.
|
Notes
|
| ɯi |
ㅢ |
ui |
|
ø,
we |
ㅚ |
oe |
ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.
|
Sounds not written in hangul
|
| IPA |
Explanation
|
| ː |
Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
|
| ́ |
High tone, on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
|
|
