Difference between revisions of "IPA"

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(Nepal)
(Stresses)
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|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
 
|align="center"|<big>ɕ</big>|| ㅅ || s || '''''sh'''e'' || before [i] or [j]
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|align="center"|<big>ɕ͈</big>|| ㅅ || s || — || before [i] or [j]<br>tense [ɕ]
 
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|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
 
|align="center"|<big>d</big>|| ㄷ || d || '''''d'''oll'' || between voiced sounds
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|align="center"|<big> ː</big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
 
|align="center"|<big> ː</big> || [[wikipedia:Long vowel|Long vowel]]. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
 
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|align="center"|<big>&nbsp;́</big> || [[wikipedia:Pitch accent|High tone]], on any one syllable or the first two; used outside Seoul.
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|align="center"|<big> ˈ</big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Primary Stress]].
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|align="center"|<big> ˌ</big> || [[wikipedia:Stress|Secondary Stress]].
 
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Revision as of 22:29, 30 May 2019

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations.

Korean consonants

IPA Hangul RR trans. English equivalent Notes
b ㅂ b ball between voiced sounds
bʱ ㅍ p abhor between voiced sounds
ɕ ㅅ s she before [i] or [j]
ɕ͈ ㅅ s — before [i] or [j]
tense [ɕ]
d ㄷ d doll between voiced sounds
dʱ ㅌ t oldhouse between voiced sounds
dʑ ㅈ j gee between voiced sounds
dʑʱ ㅊ ch hedgehog between voiced sounds
ɡ ㄱ g gall between voiced sounds
gʱ ㅋ k doghouse between voiced sounds
h ㅎ h hall
ɦ ㅎ h ahead between voiced sounds
j ㅖ, ㅒ, ㅑ,
ㅛ, ㅠ, ㅕ 		y y’all Spelled by doubling the dot on the vowel.
k ㄱ, ㅋ g, k — ㅋ is [k] at the end of a syllable.
k͈ ㄲ kk skin tense [k]
kʰ ㅋ, ㅎㄱ k call
l ㄹ, ㄴ l call ㄹ is [l] at the end of a syllable.
ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be [ll] or [lː]. Across word boundaries though, ㄴ-ㄹ is [nn] or [nː].
m ㅁ, ㅂ m mall ㅂ is [m] before [n] or [m].
n ㄴ, ㄹ,
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ 		n not ㄹ may be [n] at the start of a word.
ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are [n] before [n] or [m].
ŋ ㅇ, ㄱ ng king ㅇ is only [ŋ] at the end of a syllable.
ㄱ is [ŋ] before [n], [m] or [ɾ]
p ㅂ, ㅍ b, p — ㅍ is [p] at the end of a syllable.
p͈ ㅃ pp span tense [p]
pʰ ㅍ, ㅎㅂ p pall
ɾ ㄹ r — A flap, like Scots r or American ladder, between vowels
s ㅅ s — [s] with almost no sibilance
s͈ ㅆ ss Saul tense [s]
t ㄷ
ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ 		d
t 		— All are [t] and RR t at the end of a syllable. The only things to end in ㅎ are the name of the ㅎ jamo, which is called "히읗," and certain verb stems like 좋 from 좋다. Only relevant when teaching grammar or linguistics.
t͈ ㄸ tt stall tense [t]
tʰ ㅌ, ㅎㄷ t tall
tɕ ㅈ j each
tɕ͈ ㅉ jj — tense [tɕ]
tɕʰ ㅊ, ㅎㅈ ch chin
w ㅜ, ㅗ w wall spelled ㅜ before [ʌ], [e], [i];
ㅗ before [ɛ], [e],* [a]
*ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Korean vowels

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
a ㅏ a spa
aː
e ㅔ e Similar to the beginning of the diphthong in main
eː
ɛ ㅐ ae met; similar to e for young speakers.
ɛː
i ㅣ i mean
iː
o ㅗ o Spanish o or French eau
oː
u ㅜ u moon
uː
ʌ, ɔ ㅓ eo young (these are pronounced [ɔ], as in north, in Seoul and North Korea)
əː, ɔː
ɯ, ɨ ㅡ eu Separate sound in Standard Korean; similar to eo for many dialects.
ɯː

Korean diphthongs

IPA Hangul RR trans. Notes
ɯi ㅢ ui
ø,
we		 ㅚ oe ㅚ is pronounced [we] by most, but as the rounded ö vowel [ø] by some older speakers.

Sounds not written in hangul

IPA Explanation
ː Long vowel. Long [ʌ] is [əː]. Young speakers in Seoul do not use length consistently, if at all.
ˈ Primary Stress.
ˌ Secondary Stress.
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