Hangeul step 5
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Contents
Introduction
Up until now to keep it simple, we've only learned about syllables that ended with a vowel, basically two letters put together to make a sound. Now we'll be learning about the final consonant that goes at the bottom of the syllables block, this final position is called a badchim. The badchim is written in the bottom/final position. A sentence example where the badchim is in red below:
This step will introduce you to the sounds in the final syllable position, some which are very different from their normal sounds.
Sound shifts
If a consonant in the final position followed by a vowel, the sound shifts over to the next syllable. The only sounds that don't shift over to the next syllable are ㅇ since it is weird to begin a weird with a "ng" sound and ㅎ becomes silent when followed by a vowel.
| Original | Actual Pronunciation | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| 맞아 | 마자 | (audio needed) |
| 먹어 | 머거 | (audio needed) |
| 집에 | 지베 | (audio needed) |
| 좋아 | 조아 | (audio needed) |
| 놀아 | 노라 | (audio needed) |
| 필요하다 | 피료하다 | (audio needed) |
| 한국어 | 한구거 | (audio needed) |
| 졸업 | 조럽 | (audio needed) |
| 십일 | 시빌 | (audio needed) |
Different sounds
If a consonant in the final position and it is not followed by a vowel (meaning it is the last syllable of the word or followed by another consonant), then it may have a different pronunciation. Notice from the table below that many characters share the same sound when in the final position. There are also the letters ㄲ and ㅆ below which you haven't learned yet, however they are pronounced like letters you have already learned when in the final position, so for now don't worry those letters until the next section.
| Letter(s) | Pronunciation | Comment | Examples | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ,ㄲ,ㅋ | /k/ | The /k/ sound is cut short. | 억, 엌, 얶 all pronounced the same | (audio needed) |
| ㅂ,ㅍ | /p/ | The /p/ sound is cut short. | 십, 싶 both pronounced the same | (audio needed) |
| ㄹ | /l/ sound | If ㄹ is followed by a vowel it is a /ɾ/ sound. If there are two consecutive ㄹ together, the second ㄹ also takes an /l/ sound. | 말 | |
| ㅇ | /ŋ/ sound ("ng" sound like in ring or hang) | Normally ㅇ acts as a placeholder for a consonant and makes no sound, only in the final position does it make a sound. | 강 | |
| ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ | /t/ sound | The /t/ sound is cut short. | 옫, 옷, 옸, 옺, 옻, 옽, 옿 all pronounced the same |
- Note: ㅃ, ㄸ and ㅉ can't appear in the final position.
- The pronunciation of ㅁ and ㄴ don't change from their normal sounds in the final position.
Compare
Compare the sounds of the final syllable when followed by a vowel, and when it's not followed by a vowel.
| Compare | |
|---|---|
| 맛 | 맛이1 |
| 살 |
살이 |
| 목 | 목이 |
| 대답 | 대답이 |
| 빚 | 빚이 |
| 콩 | 콩이 |
- Remember ㅅ + 이 becomes a "sh" sound (ʃ).
Double Consonant Cluster
Sometimes there are two consonants in the final position such as the ㄺ in the word 닭 or the ㄼ in 여덟. We will cover this in the step 7 in the final section. Just be aware that is its possible to have to consonants in the final syllable even though it's not common.
Examples
| Word | Male voice | Female voice |
|---|---|---|
| 감자 (potato) | ||
| 강남 (an area in Seoul) | ||
| 걸리다 (to be hung) | ||
| 고양이 (cat) | ||
| 곧 (soon, shortly) | ||
| 깎다 (to cut) | ||
| 낮잠 (nap) | ||
| 높다 | ||
| 다음 (next) | ||
| 닻줄 (anchor cable) | ||
| 먹다 (to eat) | ||
| 멀다 | ||
| 못생기다 (to be ugly) | ||
| 밥 (rice) | ||
| 부엌 (kitchen) | ||
| 불고기 (bulgogi, a Korean dish) | ||
| 빨리 (quickly) | ||
| 선생 (teacher) | ||
| 성 (family name, last name) | ||
| 수업 (class) | ||
| 신문 (newspaper) | ||
| 알다 (to know) | ||
| 엄마 (mom) | ||
| 열 (fever or ten) | ||
| 영화 (movie | ||
| 일본 (Japan) | ||
| 있다 (to exist, to have) | ||
| 잘 (well) | ||
| 중앙 (the middle, the center) | ||
| 찾다 (to find) | ||
| 청바지 (blue jeans) | ||
| 춥다 (to be cold) | ||
| 칼 (knife) | ||
| 태양 (the sun) | ||
| 팔다 (to sell) | ||
| 할아버지 (grandfather) |
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