Adverbs
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In general, many adverbs, called 부사 in Korean, are created by attaching 게 to to the end of an adjective stem (A + 게). However, sometimes there is a more natural form, especially adverbs ending with the syllable 히 or (으)로. Also since Korean and English are quite different languages, some of the adverbs translated literally into English can sound awkward, for example '맛있게 먹다' means eat deliciously.
Contents
Common Adverbs Formed with Adjective + 게
Also see: A + 게
| Adjective | Meaning | Adverb form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 편한 | comforable | 편하게 | comfortably |
| 어려운 | difficult | 어렵게 | difficultly |
| 자유로운 | free | 자유롭게 | freely |
| 행복한 | happy | 행복하게 | Happily |
| 즐거운 | pleasant | 즐겁게 | pleasantly |
| 아름다운 | beuatiful | 아름답게 | beautifully |
| 조용한 | quiet | 조용하게 | quietly |
| 용기있는 | brave | 용기있게 | bravely |
| 편리한 | convenient | 편리하게 | conveniently |
| 큰 | large | 크게 | largely |
| 안전하다 | safe | 안전하게 | safely |
| 싸다 | cheap | 싸게 | cheaply |
| 늦은 | late (adj) | 늦게 | late (adv) |
| 위험하게 | dangerously |
As a noun modifier, Korean Adjective has suffix "ㄴ" categories (ex: ~은, ~는). "~다" is used only for complement.
So don't say "크다 남자." That's completely wrong, though you may say "저 남자가 크다." (means "That man is big.")
Say "큰 사람" when you would like say "big,large, or tall person."
- 재미있게 - (hard to translate)
- 바쁘게
- 예쁘게
- 나쁘게
- 무례하게
- 맛있게
- 밝게
Common Adverbs Ending with 히
| Adverb | Meaning | Derived from | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 천천히 | Slowly | --- | slow |
| 솔직히 | Honestly, frankly | 솔직한 | frank, honest, open |
| 우연히 | On accident, by chance | 우연한 | accidental, happenchance |
| 특히 | Especially, particularly | 특별한 | special |
| 확실히 | Certainly, for sure, for certain, definitely | 확실한 | certain, sure |
| 자세히 | In detail | 자세한 | detailed |
| 완전히 | Completely, fully, perfectly | 완전한 | Complete, full, perfect |
- 분명히 - definitely, clearly, certainly
- 확실히 - definitely, surely, for sure
Korean seldom use "천천한" so don't regard it as mechanical thing.
Some words originated from Chinese Character, like English word with Latin or Greek dervation. That's why you may have some difficulty in finding relation between "특히" & "특별한"
There's some applications of "특". "특식" - special food "특실" - special room "특차" - specially selected and uncountable applications because Chinese charcter has its own meaning and various combinations are possible.
Common Adverbs Ending with (으)로
- 직접으로 - in person
- 일반적으로 - generally
Other Adverbs
- 없이 - witout
- 틀림 없이 - witout an error or mistake => Certainly, sure, definitely, no matter what
- 빨리 - quickly 빠른 is quick, and 빨리 is just similar changing.
- 많이 - a lot 많은 is many or much (adj)
- 일찍 - early
- 같이 - with, together 같은 means same.
If people has common mind, they could be together. That's why Korean usullay say "우리 아빠 our dad" instead of "내 아빠 my dad." Korean has more concern about concept of community, though it is changing into westernized style like invidualism.
- 따로 - separately It comes from 다른 (different) If you have different or trecherous mind where you belong to, they will separate you.
- 깊이 - deeply 깊은 is adj
- 갑자기 - suddenly 갑작스런 is adj
- 꼭 - for sure
- 반드시 - at all cost
- 보통 - usually
- 전혀 - never
- 맨날 - every day
- 자주 - more than often 자주 is more repetive.
- 자꾸 - continously often 자꾸 is something to do with obsession. "자꾸 니 생각이나" means I can't stop thinking about you.
- 가끔 - less than sometimes 가끔 means less repetive.
