TTMIK nivel 1 lección 10
En esta lección vamos a ver las expresiones:
“있어요” [i-sseo-yo] and ”없어요” [eop-sseo-yo]
Para hablar sobre lo que la gente TIENE/NO TIENE, y también sobre cosas que ESISTEN/NO EXISTEN, se utilizan estas expresiones.
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] viene de 있다 [it-da] y quiere decir, básicamente, que algo existe.
Cuando se habla de que algo o alguien existe en un lugar determinado, significa "ser". Ej: Yo estoy aquí./ Está allí. / Ahora estoy en casa.
Cuando se habla sobre algo (o alguien en determinados casos) que posees, significa "tener". Ej: Tengo una hermana. / Tengo once perros. / ¿Tienes un avión privado?
El caso de 없어요 [eop-sseo-yo] es al contrario, y viene del verbo 없다 [eop-da]. Aunque sería posible decir lo mismo utilizando 있어요 en un negativo, es más conveniente utilizar 없어요 en lugar de 있지 않아요 o 안 있어요 (ya aprenderemos estas formas en lecciones futuras) dado que existe este verbo concreto(없어요) para expresar la no-existencia.
Por tanto, en conclusión:
있어요 <--> 없어요 [i-sseo-yo] [eop-sseo-yo]
¡Veamos algunos ejemplos más!
있어요 [i-sseo-yo]
En nuestros ejemplos, utilizaremos las siguientes palabras:
물 [mul] = agua / 친구 [chin-gu] = amigo / 시간 [si-gan] = tiempo (horas)
Simplemente
You simply add 있어요 at the end of the noun that you are referring to.
1. 물 있어요. [mul i-sseo-yo] = There is water. / Water exists. / I have water. / They have water.
2. 물 있어요? [mul i-sseo-yo?] = Is there water? / Do you have water? / Do they have water?
3. 친구 있어요. [chin-gu i-sseo-yo] = I have friends. / I have a friend. / There are friends.
4. 친구 있어요? [chin-gu i-sseo-yo?] = Do you have friends? / Do they have friends?
5. 시간 있어요. [si-gan i-sseo-yo] = There is time. / I have time. / They have time.
6. 시간 있어요? [si-gan i-sseo-yo?] = Is there time? / Do you have time? / Do they have time?
And just by replacing 있어요 [i-sseo-yo] with 없어요 [eops-eo-yo] you get sentences in the opposite meanings.
없어요 [eop-sseo-yo]
1. 시간 없어요. [si-gan eop-sseo-yo] = There is no time. / I don’t have time. / We don’t have time.
2. 친구 없어요. [chin-gu eop-sseo-yo] = I don’t have friends.
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LEVEL 1 LESSON 10
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Review Time ---------------------------------------------
Do you remember the usages of 은/는 [eun/neun], the topic marking particles and 이/가 [i/ga], the subject marking particles? 은 and 는 mark the topic of a sentence, and at the same time emphasize the contrast between the topic of the sentence and the other things. So if you say 시간 없어요. [si-gan eops-eo-yo] that means “I don’t have time.” and if you want to say, “I have other things but just TIME is not what I have.” you can say that simply by add 은 [eun] or 는 [neun] at the end of 시간 [si-gan] (but in this case, 시간 ends with a last consonant so 은 is used), that becomes 시간은 없어요. And if someone asks you “What is it that you don’t have? What are you saying that you don’t have?” you can answer that question by saying “TIME. Time is what I don’t have.” and that can be expressed through 시간이 없어요.
있어요 and 없어요 can be used to form many interesting and frequently used expressions in Korean. 재미 [jae-mi] = fun 재미 + 있어요 = 재미있어요 literally means “fun exists” but it means “to be interesting”
- Notice how the two words are even written without any space inbetween. That’s because it has already become an expression used daily.
Example) TTMIK 재미있어요! [jae-mi-i-sseo-yo] = TTMIK is fun! / TTMIK is interesting!
