Category:Verb endings
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Tense And Politness Level
To make declarative, interrogative, imperative and "let's" sentences,at different levels of politeness, you take the verb stem and add the following suffixes.
1. Declarative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -아/어/여요 | Formal | Present |
| -았/었/였어요 | Formal | Past |
| -(으)ㄹ거예요 | Formal | Future |
| -ᄇ/습니다 | Honorific | Present |
| -았/었/였-습니다 | Honorific | Past |
| -(으)ᄅ 겁니다 | Honorific | Future |
| -아/어/여 | Informal | Present |
| -았/었/였어 | Informal | Past |
| -(으)ㄹ 거야 | Informal | Future |
2. Interrogative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -(으)ㄹ까요 | Formal | Present(used in future tense too) |
| -았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까요 | Formal | Past |
| -ᄇ/습니까 | Honorific | Present |
| -았/었/였 +습니까 | Honorific | Past |
| -(으)ᄅ 겁니까 | Honorific | Future |
| -(으)ㄹ까 | Informal | Present (used in future tense too) |
| -았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까 | Informal, Intimate | Past |
3. Imperative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| -(으)세요 | Formal | Present | |
| -아/어/여 + 주세요 | Formal | Present | Implies the meaning "Do it for me" |
| -(으)십시오 | Honorific | Present | |
| -(으)세 | Informal | Present |
4. "Let's" Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -아/어/여요 (same as present tense) | Formal | Future |
| -ㅂ/읍시다 | Honorific | Future |
| -자 | Informal | Future |
Various Endings
The following endings are in 격식체 (formal). If you want to make sentences in 비격식체 (informal), you just drop the 요.
| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -지 마세요 | -ji ma-se-yo | Don't do it, don't do "something" |
| -지 않다 | -ji an-ta | Negative form of verbs (Ex:먹지 않다 = to not eat) |
| -(으)ㄹ<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel + ㄹ. Verb stems ending with a consonant + 을.</ref> 수 있다 |
-(eu)l su it-da | To “can” do something |
| -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 | -(eu)l su eops-da | To “can not” do something |
| -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 | -(eu)l jul al-da | To "know how to do" something |
| -(으)ㄹ 줄 모르다 | -(eu)l jul mo-reu-da | To "not know how to do" something |
| -을/를<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel + 를. Verb stems ending with a consonant + 을.</ref> 잘 하다 |
-eul/reul jal ha-da | To be "good at" doing something |
| -을/를 못 하다 | -eul/reul mot ha-da | To be "bad/poor at" doing something |
| -아/어/여<ref>Verb stems ending with a vowel ㅏ or ㅗ + 아. Verb stems ending with another vowel than ㅏ or ㅗ + 어. |
-a/eo/yeo + -ya doe-da/ha-da | To have to, must ,should |
| -a/eo/yeo + | To not have to | |
| -(으)면 | -(eu)myeon | Verb ending for “if” (Ex:자면 = If you sleep...) |
| -고 있다 | -go it-da | Present progressive(Ex:일하고 있어요 = I am working) |
| -기만 하다 | -gi-man ha-da | Implies the meaning of "only" (Ex:보기만 하다 = to only see, to just look) |
| -(으)ㄹ까요 | -(eu)l-kka-yo | Shall we...? or I wonder... |
| -(으)ㄹ게요 | -(eu)l-ge-yo | Your futures actions or decisions AS A REACTION TO or AS A RESULT OF what the
other person says (Ex:공부할게요=(If you say so) I will study. |
| -(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ 것 같아요<ref>-(으)ㄴ 것 같아요 = present tense for descriptive verbs / past tense for action verbs -는 것 같아요 = present tense for action verbs -(으)ㄹ 것 같아요 = future tense for action/descriptive verbs .</ref> |
-(eu)n/-neun/-(eu)l geot ga-ta-yo | To look like/to seem like + verb (Ex:비싼 것 같아요 = It looks expensive.) |
References
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