TTMIK nível 7 lição 24 (Brasil)

In Level 6 Lesson 21 and 23, we looked at how the passive voice works in Korean. In this lesson, let’s learn a structure you can use with the passive voice to say that something has been put into a certain state and stays that way. For example, the verb for “to put something somewhere” is 놓다. The passive voice is 놓 이다, so you can say 놓였어요 to say “it was put down (on the table/ground/etc)”. Now, the following structure is used when you want to say that something is on the floor/table/ etc, but imply that it has been put down there by someone. Passive Voice + -어 있다 = to have been put into a certain state (by someone) and stay that way What’s the difference between “Passive Voice” and “Passive Voice + -어 있다”? Passive voice describes that action as it gets done, where as passive voice + -어 있다 expresses the state that the subject is in as a result of the passive action. This ‘resultant state’ structure is more commonly used in Korean than in English, so things you can express in English with just the passive voice are often expressed through this structure. Examples 1. 잡다 = to catch 잡히다 = to be caught 잡혀 있다 = to be in custody, to have been caught and is still caught now 2. 깨다 = to break 깨지다 = to be broken, to get shattered 깨져 있다 = to be in a broken state, somebody broke it and it’s still in that state 3. 켜다 = to turn on, to switch on 켜지다 = to be turned on, to be switched on 켜져 있다 = somebody turned it on and it’s still on 4. 쌓다 = to pile things up 쌓이다 = to be piled up 쌓여 있다 = to have been piled up (e.g. snow) 5. 열다 = to open 열리다 = to get opened 열려 있다 = to have been opened and stay open

• • Note that you can’t use this structure with transitive verbs.

Sample Sentences 1. 문이 열려 있어요. = The door is open! 2. 에어컨이 아직 켜져 있어요. = The airconditioning is still on. 3. 여기 사과가 한 개 놓여 있어요. = Somebody put an apple here. = Here’s an apple. 4. 이 마을은 산으로 둘러쌓여 있어요. = This town is surrounded by mountains. 5. 파란색으로 칠해져 있는 간판 보여요? = Do you see the sign there that’s painted in blue?