TTMIK nível 8 lição 12 (Brasil)

This lesson is a review and summary of the various types of present tense structures in the Korean language. 1. Basic Present Tense with “-아/어/여” (Level 1 Lesson 16) Verb stem + -아/어/여 + -요 Ex) 사다 = to buy → 사 + -아요 = 사요 = I buy it. / She buys it. / They buy it. / Buy it. 주다 = to give → 주 + -어요 = 줘요 = I give it (to someone). / They give it (to someone). / Give it to me. 저는 매일 운동해요. = I exercise every day. 저는 한국어를 혼자서 공부해요. = I study Korean by myself. 2. -시 + -어요 (Level 5 Lesson 2) The suffix -시 is used to make the sentence honorific when you are talking to or about someone you want to show respect for. Verb stem + -시 + -어요 → -세요 Ex) 가다 = to go → 가 + -시 + -어요 = 가셔요 = 가세요 = He goes. / She goes. / Please go. 모르다 = to not know → 모르 + -시 + -어요 = 모르셔요 = 모르세요 = He doesn’t know. / She doesn’t know. 3. -고 있다 (Level 2 Lesson 10) -고 있다 is used after verb stems to form present progressive sentences. Then again 있다 is conjugated to match the context or the intended tense of the sentence. Ex) 공부하다 = to study → 공부하 + -고 있다 = 공부하고 있어요 = I am studying. / They are studying. 지금 뭐 하고 있어요? = What are you doing now? 서점에 가고 있어요. = I am going to the library. 4. -고 싶다 (Level 1 Lesson 13) -고 싶다 is used to express “I want to”. Ex) 보다 = to see → 보 + 고 싶다 = 보고 싶어요 = I want to see. / I miss you. 뭐 하고 싶어요? = What do you want to do? 밖에 나가고 싶어요. = I want to go outside. 5. -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 (Level 2 Lesson 17) -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 is used to express “can” or “be able to”. Ex) 찾다 = to look for, to find → 찾 + -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 = 찾을 수 있어요 = I can look for it. / I can find it. 여기 주차할 수 있어요? = Can I park here? 이거 읽을 수 있어요? = Can you read this? 6. -아/어/여야 되다 (Level 2 Lesson 20) You can use the -아/어/여야 되다 ending to express “have to”, “should” or “must”. Ex) 가다 = to go → 가 + -아야 되다 = 가야 되다 = 가야 돼요 = I have to go. 이거 먼저 해야 돼요. = I need to do this first. 조심해야 돼요. = You have to be careful. 7. -지 않다, 안 (Level 1 Lesson 21) You can form negative sentences by adding -지 않다 after the verb stem or 안 before the verb. Ex) 이상하다 = to be strange → 이상하 + -지 않다 = 이상하지 않아요 = It’s not strange. → 안 + 이상하다 = 안 이상해요 = It’s not strange. 이거 안 비싸요. = This is not expensive. 그거 별로 안 좋아요. = It’s not that good. 8. -지 마세요 (Level 2 Lesson 30) -지 마세요 is used after verb stems to tell someone not to do something. Ex) 먹다 = to eat → 먹 + -지 마세요 = 먹지 마세요 = Don’t eat it. 걱정하지 마세요. = Don’t worry. 늦지 마세요. = Don’t be late. 9. -아/어/여요 (Let’s) (Level 3 Lesson 16) -아/어/여요 looks the same as the plain present tense, but it can be used to form “Let’s” sentences as well. Ex) 하다 = to do → 하 + -여요 = 해요 = Let’s do it. 같이 해요. = Let’s do it. 지금 가요. = Let’s go now. 10. -(으)ㄴ 것 같다 (Level 4 Lesson 27) 같다 originally means “to be the same” or “to seem like” but when expressing your opinion about something, you can use -(으)ㄴ 것 같다 to say “I think …”. Ex) 좋다 = to be good → 좋 + -은 것 같다 = 좋은 것 같아요 = I think it’s good. 이상한 것 같아요. = I think it’s strange. 그 사람 착한 것 같아요. = I think he’s a nice person. 11. -(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 (Level 3 Lesson 22) When you want to say that something “might” or “could” happen, you can use the structure -(으)ㄹ 수도 있다. Ex) 늦다 = to be late → 늦 + -(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 = 늦을 수도 있어요 = I might be late. / They might be late. 석진 씨가 알 수도 있어요. = Seokjin might know. 오늘 집에 있을 수도 있어요. = I might stay at home today.