Category:Verb endings
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Tense And Politness Level
In addition to make declarative, interrogative, imperative and "let's" sentences,at different levels of politeness, you take the verb stem and add the following suffixes.
1. Declarative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -아/어/여요 | Formal | Present |
| -았/었/였어요 | Formal | Past |
| -(으)ㄹ거예요 | Formal | Future |
| -ᄇ/습니다 | Honorific | Present |
| -았/었/였-습니다 | Honorific | Past |
| -(으)ᄅ 겁니다 | Honorific | Future |
| -아/어/여 | Informal | Present |
| -았/었/였어 | Informal | Past |
| -(으)ㄹ 거야 | Informal | Future |
2. Interrogative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -(으)ㄹ까요 | Formal | Present(used in future tense too) |
| -았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까요 | Formal | Past |
| -ᄇ/습니까 | Honorific | Present |
| -았/었/였 +습니까 | Honorific | Past |
| -(으)ᄅ 겁니까 | Honorific | Future |
| -(으)ㄹ까 | Informal | Present (used in future tense too) |
| -았/었/였+-(으)ㄹ까 | Informal, Intimate | Past |
3. Imperative Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| -(으)세요 | Formal | Present | |
| -아/어/여 + 주세요 | Formal | Present | Implies the meaning "Do it for me" |
| -(으)십시오 | Honorific | Present | |
| -(으)세 | Informal | Present |
4. "Let's" Sentences
| Verb Ending | Politness level | Tense |
|---|---|---|
| -아/어/여요 (same as present tense) | Formal | Future |
| -ㅂ/읍시다 | Honorific | Future |
| -자 | Informal | Future |
Various Endings
The following endings are either in 격식체 (formal), either unconjugated. If you want to make sentences you have to conjugate them (at what tense you want) or if you want to make 비격식체 (informal) sentences, you just drop 요.(see the tables above if you don't know the endings for tenses).
| Korean | Romanization | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -지 마세요 | -ji ma-se-yo | Don't do it, don't do "something" |
| -지 않다 | -ji an-ta | Negative form of verbs (Ex:먹지 않다 = to not eat) |
-(으)ㄹ<ref>
|
-(eu)l su it-da | To “can” do something |
| -(으)ㄹ 수 없다 | -(eu)l su eops-da | To “can not” do something |
| -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 | -(eu)l jul al-da | To "know how to do" something |
| -(으)ㄹ 줄 모르다 | -(eu)l jul mo-reu-da | To "not know how to do" something |
-을/를<ref>
|
-eul/reul jal ha-da | To be "good at" doing something |
| -을/를 못 하다 | -eul/reul mot ha-da | To be "bad/poor at" doing something |
-아/어/여<ref>
|
-a/eo/yeo + -ya doe-da/ha-da | To have to, must ,should |
| -a/eo/yeo + | To not have to | |
| -(으)면 | -(eu)myeon | Verb ending for “if” (Ex:자면 = If you sleep...) |
| -고 있다 | -go it-da | Present progressive(Ex:일하고 있어요 = I am working) |
| -기만 하다 | -gi-man ha-da | Implies the meaning of "only" (Ex:보기만 하다 = to only see, to just look) |
| -(으)ㄹ까요 | -(eu)l-kka-yo | Shall we...? or I wonder... |
| -(으)ㄹ게요 | -(eu)l-ge-yo | Your futures actions or decisions AS A REACTION TO or AS A RESULT OF what the
other person says (Ex:공부할게요=(If you say so) I will study. |
-(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ 것 같아요<ref>
|
-(eu)n/-neun/-(eu)l geot ga-ta-yo | To look like/to seem like + verb (Ex:비싼 것 같아요 = It looks expensive.) |
References
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