TTMIK nível 2 lição 9 (Brasil)

Em coreano, há diversas palavras que são usadas como unidades de contagem. Em português, você pode apenas dizer o número e então a palavra que você está contando (ex. uma pessoa, dois gatos, três casas, etc), mas em coreano, você precisa usar contadores distintos para diferentes assuntos. Você pode comparar os contadores coreanos com as palavras em português que são usadas para contar as coisas que são substantivos incontáveis (ex. água, manteiga).

• Uma vez que existem muitos contadores para lembrar de uma só vez, é melhor aprendê-los um por um enquanto você pratica usando certas palavras.

Exemplo Português: número + substantivo - um carro, dois lápis, três livros, quatro pessoas, etc Coreano: substantivo + número + contador - “lápis + um + contador para lápis” - “estudante + três + contador para pessoa” Há literalmente centenas de contadores na linguagem coreana, mas nem todas elasThere are literally hundreds of counters in the Korean language, but not all of them are always used. As long as they understand each other, some Korean people just use the simplest and easiest counter they remember to count certain words and it does not confuse anyone. For example, in Korean, a pencil is 연필 [yeon-pi] and the counter for pencils is 자루 [ja-ru]. The word 자루 [ja-ru] is also used for counting pens, bags containing grains, and also knives. So instead of using the word 자루 all the time for 연필, many Korean people just use the general counter for things, which is 개 [gae]. 연필 한 자루 [yeon-pil han ja-ru] = one pencil 연필 한 개 [yeon-pil han gae] = one pencil This does NOT always work for all counters. Some counters that are very commonly used are almost never replaced with 개. For example, the counter for cars is 대 [dae], and it is never replaced with 개 [gae] just to simplify it. In other words, changing 연필 한 자루 to 연필 한 개 is okay, but changing 차 한 대 to 차 한 개 is not okay and considered incorrect. This is only because the counter 대 is much more frequently used than the counter 자루, but basically, as a learner of the Korean language, it is much better to be able to use an incorrect counter and be given feedback rather than choose not to say anything. In this lesson, remember these two most frequently used counters, 개 and 명. 개 [gae] in Korean means “a dog”, but when it’s used as a counter, it is used for counting things and objects. 명 [myeong] is used for counting people. And when you use counters, most of the time, they are used along with native Korean numbers. Numbers + 개 [gae] (counter for things) 1 = 하나 --> 한 개 2 = 둘 --> 두 개 TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes LEVEL 2 LESSON 9 This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com. 3 = 셋 --> 세 개 4 = 넷 --> 네 개

• • Remember this irregularity rule for the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20?

5 = 다섯 --> 다섯 개 6 = 여섯 --> 여섯 개 7 = 일곱 --> 일곱 개 8 = 여덟 --> 여덟 개 9 = 아홉 --> 아홉 개 10 = 열 --> 열 개 From 11 to 20 열한 개, 열두 개, 열세 개, 열네 개, 열다섯 개, 열여섯 개, 열일곱 개, 열여덟 개, 열아홉 개, 스무 개 From 21 to 30 스무 개, 스물한 개, 스물두 개, 스물세 개, 스물네 개, 스물다섯 개, 스물여섯 개, 스물일곱 개, 스물 여덟 개, 스물아홉 개, 서른 개 Example one apple = 사과 [sa-gwa] + 1 + 개 [gae] = 사과 한 개 [sa-gwa han gae] two stones = 돌 [dol] + 2 + 개 [gae] = 돌 두 개 [dol du gae] five balls = 공 [gong] + 5 + 개 [gae] = 공 다섯 개 [gong da-seot gae] how many (things) = 몇 [myeot] + 개 [gae] = 몇 개 [myeot gae] Now, for people, you use the counter 명 [myeong]. TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes LEVEL 2 LESSON 9 This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com. Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF files with anybody who is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com. one person = 한 명 [han myeong] two students = 학생 [hak-saeng] + 2 + 명 [myeong] = 학생 두 명 [hak-saeng du myeong] three friends = 친구 [chin-gu] + 3 + 명 [myeong] = 친구 세 명 [chin-gu se myeong] how many (people) = 몇 [myeot] + 명 [myeong] = 몇 명 [myeot myeong] For people, however, the word for ‘people’ or ‘person’ itself, which is 사람 [sa-ram] is used as well, when you are just generally referring to a relatively small number of people, without specifying who they are. Example Q: How many people are there? A: There are 10 people. = Q: 몇 명 있어요? [myeot myeong i-sseo-yo?] = A: 10명 있어요. [yeol-myeong i-sseo-yo.] = Q: 몇 사람 있어요? [myeot sa-ram i-sseo-yo?] = A: 열 사람 있어요. [eol sa-ram i-sseo-yo.] (This is unnatural.) --> A: 두 사람 있어요. [du sa-ram i-sseo-yo.] (two people - this is okay.) In case you want to learn about some more counters in advance, here are a few commonly used ones. 병 [byeong] = bottles 마리 [ma-ri] = animals 대 [dae] = cars, punches 권 [gwon] = books 장 [jang] = paper, pages, tickets Sample sentences by our friends 영주: 아줌마 김치찌개 한 개 주세요. [a-jum-ma gim-chi-jji-gae han gae ju-se-yo.] = Ma’am, give me one kimchi stew. 찌개 [jji-gae] = stew 영주: 소주도 한 병 주세요. [so-ju-do han byeong ju-se-yo.] = Give me a bottle of soju, as well. 효성: 다 먹고 세 개 남았어요. [da meok-go se gae na-ma-sseo-yo.] = I ate everything and there are three left. 다 [da] = all 남다 [nam-da] = to remain, to be left 효성: 사탕 몇 개 먹을래? [sa-tang myeot gae meo-geul-lae?] = How many candies do you want to eat? 사탕 [sa-tang] = candy 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat