TTMIK nível 3 lição 7 (Brasil)
Nesta lição, nós veremos outra terminação verbal que você pode usar para conectar dois ou mais verbos em uma sentença. Nós aprendemos a terminação verbal -고 [-go] em uma de nossas lições anteriores; -고 [-go] é usado para conectar ações e estados independentes juntos em uma sentença, mas eles não necessariamente têm uma forte relação lógica uns com os outros. Por outro lado, a terminação verbal que veremos nesta lição, -아/어/여+서, é uma terminação verbal que pode mostrar relação lógica entre os verbos. Você se lembra dessas duas conjunções - 그리고 e 그래서 (da Lição 3 do Nível 2)? 그리고 [geu-ri-go] significa "e", e 그래서 [geu-rae-seo] significa "portanto/então". A terminação-고 [-go] tem o mesmo significado de 그리고 [geu-ri-go], e a terminação verbal -아/어/여+서 tem um significado parecido com 그래서 [geu-rae-seo]. Let’s look at the construction and usages of -아/어/여+서 in more detail. Construction 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat 먹 (verb stem) + 어서 = 먹어서 만들다 [man-deul-da] = to make 만들 (verb stem) + 어서 = 만들어서 하다 [ha-da] = to do 하 (verb stem) + 여서 = 해서 오다 [o-da] = to come 오 (verb stem) + 아서 = 와서 Usages 1. Reason + -아/어/여서 + result 2. An action + -아/어/여서 + another action that takes place after the first action 3. An action + -아/어/여서 + the purpose of or the plan after the action 4. Some fixed expressions Examples for usages Usage 1 Reason + -아/어/여서 + result Example: 비가 오다 (it rains) + 못 가다 (can’t go) --> 비가 와서 못 가요. [bi-ga wa-seo mot ga-yo.] = It rains, so I can’t go. --> 비가 와서 못 갔어요. [bi-ga wa-seo mot ga-sseo-yo.] = It rained, so I couldn’t go.
- Note that the tense was expressed only through the last verb.
오늘은 바빠요. (Today, I’m busy.) + 영화를 못 봐요. (I can’t see the movie.) --> 오늘은 바빠서 영화를 못 봐요. [o-neu-reun ba-ppa-seo yeong-hwa-reul mot bwa-yo.] = I’m busy today, so I can’t watch the movie.
만나다 (to meet) + 반갑다 (to be glad to see someone)
--> 만나서 반갑습니다. [man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da] = I meet you so I’m glad. = It’s nice to meet you. --> 만나서 반가워요. [man-na-seo ban-ga-wo-yo] = I’m glad to meet you. (Less formal than the sentence above) Usage 2 An action + -아/어/여서 + another action that takes place after the first action 공원에 가다 (to go to the park) + 책을 읽다 (to read a book) --> 공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요. [gong-wo-ne ga-seo chae-geul il-geul geo-ye-yo.] = I’m going to go to the park and read a book.
- Note: This does NOT mean “I’m going to the park, so I’m going to read a book.”
- Also note that the tense is expressed through the last verb here as well.
친구를 만나다 (to meet a friend) + 밥을 먹다 (to eat) --> 친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요. [chin-gu-reul man-na-seo ba-beul meo-geo-sseo-yo.] = I met a friend and ate together.
- Note that here, this sentence COULD mean that you met a friend so you ate together, but
in most cases, it will mean that you met a friend AND THEN ate together after that. --> 친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요. [chin-gu-reul man-na-seo ba-beul meo-geul geo-ye-yo.] = I’m going to meet a friend and eat together. Usage 3 An action + -아/어/여서 + the purpose of or the plan after the action 돈을 모으다 (to save up, to save money) + 뭐 하다 (to do what) --> 돈을 모아서 뭐 할 거예요? (do-neul mo-a-seo mwo hal geo-ye-yo?) = What are you going to do with the money you save up? (lit. You save up money and what will you do?) 케익을 사다 (to buy a cake) + 친구한테 주다 (to give to a friend) --> 케익을 사서 친구한테 줄 거예요. [ke-i-geul sa-seo chin-gu-han-te jul geo-ye-yo.] = I’m going to buy a cake to/and give it to a friend. Usage 4 Fixed expressions There are some fixed expressions that basically use the same -아/어/여서 structure in them but are not often used in other forms. -에 따라서 [-e tta-ra-seo] = according to ~ Ex) 계획에 따라서 진행하겠습니다 [gye-hoe-ge tta-ra-seo jin-haeng-ha-ge-sseum-ni-da.] = I’ll proceed according to the plan. 예를 들어서 [ye-reul deu-reo-seo] = for example Ex) 예를 들어서, 이렇게 할 수 있어요. [ye-reul deu-reo-seo, i-reo-ke hal su i-sseo-yo.] = For example, you can do it like this. Sample sentences 1. 한국에 가서 뭐 할 거예요? [han-gu-ge ga-seo mwo hal geo-ye-yo?] = After you go to Korea, what are you going to do? 2. 서울에 와서 좋아요. [seo-u-re wa-seo jo-a-yo.] = Since I came to Seoul, I’m glad. = I’m glad to have come to Seoul. 3. 술을 너무 많이 마셔서 머리가 아파요. [su-reul neo-mu ma-ni ma-syeo-seo meo-ri-ga a-pa-yo.] = I drank too much so my head is aching. 4. 비가 와서 집에 있었어요. [bi-ga wa-seo ji-be i-sseo-sseo-yo.] = It rained so I stayed at home. 5. 요즘에 바빠서 친구들을 못 만나요. [yo-jeu-me ba-ppa-seo chin-gu-deu-reul mot man-na-yo.] = These days I’m busy so I can’t meet my friends. 6. 열심히 공부해서 장학금을 받을 거예요. [yeol-sim-hi gong-bu-hae-seo jang-hak-geu-meul ba-deul geo-ye-yo.] = I’m going to study hard so I can get/and I will get a scholarship. 7. 한국어가 너무 재미있어서 매일 공부하고 있어요. [han-gu-geo-ga neo-mu jae-mi-i-sseo-seo mae-il gong-bu-ha-go i-sseo-yo.] = Korean is so much fun that I’m studying it everyday.
